Jean-Claude Delamétherie
Jean-Claude Delamétherie (also de La Métherie or de Lamétherie ) (* 1743 in La Clayette , Saône-et-Loire ; † July 2, 1817 in Paris ) was a French natural scientist (chemist), mineralogist , geologist and paleontologist .
Life
Delamétherie began practicing medicine in 1780 . He studied the physiology of plants and the composition of the air.
As a supporter of the French Revolution , he attacked Nicolas de Condorcet (1743–1794) and was an opponent of the Jacobins . The terror of the French Revolution forced him to leave Paris, so that he could only resume publication of the Journal de physique after 1797. The death of Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton (1716-1800) aroused in him the ambition to replace this at the Collège de France , but Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) was preferred to him. Cuvier, unable to bear the entire burden, ceded the award of geology and first a third, then two thirds of the income he received there to him in honor of Delamétheries.
In 1789 he proposed a process for making soda , but it was overtaken by that of Nicolas Leblanc from the same year.
Delamétherie is one of the first geology teachers to give “practical” lessons in the open air.
In 1792 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina and in 1812 a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . He was also a member of the academies in Mainz and Dijon. In 1804 Delamétherie published the first account of Alexander von Humboldt's trip to America , based on the reports of Humboldt in Paris after his return and letters from the trip that had already been published in magazines.
mineralogy
Several mineral descriptions are due to him, including that of andalusite and one of its varieties Chiastolite in 1789 , which he assigned the synonym Crusite (English: Crucite ).
The mineral described by him under the name Arménite turned out to be azurite after further investigation by Beudant .
The staurolite was first described in 1782 by Torbern Olof Bergman and ten years later again by Delaméthérie.
In 1795 Delamétherie examined a sample and described it under the name Andréolite . A follow-up examination by René-Just Haüy in 1801 showed that it was the zeolite harmotome .
Roubschite as a synonym of the mineral magnesite was assigned by Delaméthérie in 1806, who described some samples from Hrubschitz / Moravia , whose place name inspired him to name the samples.
Zéolithe nacrée (“mother-of-pearl-like zeolite”) is a synonym for stilbite given by him in 1797 .
geology
In 1795 described Delamétherie for the first time, the mantle rock Lherzolite he after his locality, the at Massat in the Pyrenees located de Étang moth (also Lac de Lhers or in the old spelling: Etang de Lherz ) named. In the same year he had a Pechstein variety with the name Pissite - a name that has since become obsolete.
Works and publications
Delamétherie was the editor of the Journal de physique, de chimie, d'histoire naturelle et des arts from 1785.
- Principes de la philosophie naturelle , 1st edition 1777, 2nd edition 1787, 2 volumes.
- Vues physiologiques sur l'organisation animale et végétale , 1780 ( digitized ).
- About pure air and related air types and substances , Leipzig: Crusius 1790, translation by: Essai analytique sur l'air et les differentes espéces d'air, Paris: Cuchet 1785
- De la nature des êtres existans , 1805, 1 volume, abridged version of the Principes de la philosophie naturelle ( digitized version ).
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Théorie de la Terre , 1st edition 1795, 3 volumes; 2nd edition 1797, 5 volumes.
- German: Theory of the earth , 3 parts, 1797/98 ( digitalisate ).
- Leçons de minéralogie , 2 volumes, 1811.
- Leçons de géologie , 3 volumes, 1816.
Individual evidence
- ^ Horst Fiedler and Ulrike Leitner: Alexander von Humboldt writings. Bibliography of independently published works . Academy, Berlin 2000, p. 28-29 .
- ↑ Multilingual Dictionary: Jewelry & Giftware - Chiastolite
- ↑ Armenite (after Delamétherie)
- ↑ The Canadian Mineralogist - Recommended Nomenclature for Zeolite minerals: Report of the subcommittee on zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (p. 14) (PDF; 347 kB)
- ^ Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles , Part 1. Par Andrée Jean François Marie Brochant de Villers, Alexandre Brongniart, 1827, p. 324
- ^ Jean-Claude Delamétherie: Thèorie de la Terre , T. 1 & 2
- ^ Delamétherie, JC: Théorie de la terre . T3. Maradan, Paris 1795, p. 471 .
literature
- Pietro Corsi: Lamarck. Genèse et enjeux du transformisme. 1770-1830 , CNRS Éditions: 434 p., 2001, ISBN 2-271-05701-9 .
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Delamétherie, Jean-Claude |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | La Métherie, Jean-Claude de; Lamétherie, Jean-Claude de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French scientist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1743 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | La Clayette , Saone-et-Loire |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 2, 1817 |
| Place of death | Paris |