Torbern Olof Bergman

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Torbern Olof Bergman

Torbern Olof Bergman (born March 20, 1735 in Låstad , Västergötland , † July 8, 1784 in Medevi , today part of the municipality of Motala ) was an important Swedish chemist and mineralogist .

Life

Bergman studied at Uppsala University , where he became a lecturer in physics in 1758, and professor of chemistry and pharmacology in 1767 (succeeding Johan Gottschalk Wallerius ). In 1771 and 1779 he was the rector of the university. In 1764 he became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Leopoldina , in 1765 of the Royal Society in London, 1772 of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala and in 1778 of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . Since 1776 he was a member of the Académie des Sciences .

Bergman was the first to differentiate between organic and inorganic substances. He is considered the founder of analytical chemistry .

The uranium mineral torbernite , the asteroid (29307) Torbernbergman and the crater Bergman on the moon are named after him.

Fonts

  • Physick Beskrifning Ofver Jordklotet (physical description of the globe) , 1766.
  • Disquisitio de Attractionibus Electivis (Treatise on Kinship Forces ) , 1775.
  • Opuscula physica, chemica et mineralogica (Small Physical and Chemical Works) 1779–1781.
  • Physical description of the globe 3rd edition, translated by Lampert Hinrich Röhl , Greifswald, AF: Röse, 1791, 388 pages, five copper engravings

His dissertations and memoirs were printed in the Opuscula . They were numbered I-LXXII, but not in the order of publication.

literature

  • The Svedberg: Torbern Olof Bergman . In: Svenskt biografiskt lexikon 3, 1922, p. 591 ff.
  • Torbern Olof Bergman . In: Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson (eds.): Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon . 2nd Edition. tape 1 : A-K . Albert Bonniers Verlag, Stockholm 1906, p. 80 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  • Birgitta Mostrom: Torbern Bergman: a bibliography of his works. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm 1957.
  • WA Smeaton: Bergman, Torbern Olof . In: Charles Coulston Gillispie (Ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography . tape 2 : Hans Berger - Christoph Buys Ballot . Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1970, p. 4-8 .
  • JA Schufle: Torbern Bergman: a man before his time. Coronado Press, Lawrence (Canada) 1985.
  • Winfried R. Pötsch (lead); Annelore Fischer; Wolfgang Müller. With the collaboration of Heinz Cassebaum : Lexicon of important chemists . Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-323-00185-0 , pp. 39-40.
  • Johannes Uray: Chemical theory and mineralogical classification systems from the chemical revolution to the middle of the 19th century . In: Bernhard Hubmann, Elmar Schübl, Johannes Seidl (eds.): The beginnings of geological research in Austria. Contributions to the conference “10 Years Working Group History of Earth Sciences in Austria” from April 24th to 26th, 2009 in Graz . Graz 2010, pp. 107–125.

Web links

Wikisource: Torbern Bergman  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ According to Svenskt biografiskt lexikon 3, 1922, p. 591, on March 9th
  2. ^ Member entry by Torbern Bergman at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 9, 2016.
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 36.
  4. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter B. Académie des sciences, accessed on September 17, 2019 (French).
  5. ↑ Partington: History of Chemistry, 4 vols.
personal data
SURNAME Bergman, Torbern Olof
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swedish chemist
DATE OF BIRTH March 20, 1735
PLACE OF BIRTH Låstad , Västergötland
DATE OF DEATH July 8, 1784
Place of death Medevi , Sweden