Jean Cayrol

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Jean Raphaël Marie Noël Cayrol (born June 6, 1911 in Bordeaux , France ; † February 10, 2005 ibid) was a French writer who was deported to a German concentration camp as a member of the Resistance . His poetry and prose has won several awards.

life and work

The son of a doctor studied law and literature in Bordeaux. From 1936 to 1942 he worked as a librarian in the Chamber of Commerce in his hometown. During this time he mainly appeared with poetry.

With the outbreak of the Second World War he became an employee of the French secret service, which he continued in the Resistance from 1941 . Captured in 1942, Cayrol was deported to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where from 1943 onwards he had to do forced labor in the Gusen I twin camp in the quarry, building roads and laying the rails. Cayrol had been sentenced to death but pardoned. He later worked in the Georgenmühle commando in Gusen, where he had to work on components for rifles for Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG . Cayrol wrote a number of poems there, which he published in 1997 in his book Alerte aux ombres 1944-1945 . He also wrote the Chant d´Espoir des Bagnards de Mauthausen together with Remy Gillis . In Poèmes de la nuit et du brouillard finally - in German under the title Night and Fog appeared (translated by Paul Celan ) - he worked both his time in the Resistance as in concentration camps. Alain Resnais made a widely acclaimed documentary based on this in 1955 .

After the Second World War, Cayron published numerous volumes of poetry and novels. For the novel Je vivrai l'amour des autres he received the Prix ​​Renaudot in 1947 ; for his complete works in 1968 the Grand Prix littéraire de Monaco , 1969 the Prix ​​international du Souvenir . As an advisor to the Éditions du Seuil , he also discovered and promoted other authors such as Philippe Sollers and Denis Roche . From 1973 to 1995 he was a member of the renowned Académie Goncourt .

As a novelist, Cayrol didn't make things easy for his readers. For Jürgen Engler he carries out "religiously accentuated soul battles" in a "strongly parable style"; his "heroes" are carefree of social, professional and material worries, "absolute moral principles". With his last works he tends towards the "philosophical fairy tale". For Kindler's Neues Literatur Lexikon , Cayrol's prose revolved around the feeling of being a stranger and the impossibility of bonding with other people; it emphasized her self-referentiality and attested her an “extremely lyrical” trait “into the dreamlike grotesque”. The levels found in Cayrols novel In the Night (1954) both "poetic beauty" and "blurred contours". On the occasion of the new edition of this book in 2011, Christin Zenker said that reading it would certainly be strenuous, but nevertheless rewarding.

Works

Poetry

  • Le Hollandais volant , Marseille 1936
  • Les Phénomènes célestes , Marseille 1939
  • Le Dernier Homme , Brussels 1940
  • Miroir de la rédemption , 1943
  • Poèmes de la nuit et du brouillard , 1945
  • Passe-temps de l'homme et des oiseaux , 1947
  • Les Mots aussi sont des demeures , 1952
  • Poésie-journal I , 1969
  • Poèmes Clefs , 1985
  • Œuvre poétique , anthology, 1988
  • De vive voix , Paris 1991
  • D'une voix céleste , Paris 1894
  • Alerte aux ombres 1944-1945 , Paris 1997. German translation: Shadow alarm. February 1944 . Translated from the French by Elisabeth Edl and Wolfgang Matz . In: Akzente 6/1997, pp. 487-501.

prose

  • Ce n'est pas la mer , Paris 1935
  • Chant d´Espoir , Brussels 1944 (together with Remy Gillis)
  • Je vivrai l'amour des autres , novel, Neuchâtel 1947 (two volumes)
  • La Noire , short story, 1948
  • La Couronne du chrétien ou La Folle Journée , Neuchâtel 1949
  • Lazare parmi nous , essay, Neuchâtel 1950, German Lazarus among us , Stuttgart 1959
  • Les Mille et une nuits du chrétien , Paris 1952
  • L'Espace d'une nuit . Roman, Neuchâtel 1954,
German: In the area of ​​a night . Translated by Paul Celan , hardcover Walter Verlag, Freiburg 1961, paperback edition dtv Munich 1965, hardcover, Böttcher Düsseldorf 1986, paperback edition, Fischer Ffm 1990,
New edition with an afterword by Ursula Hennigfeld, Schöffling & Co, Frankfurt am Main 2011, ISBN 978-3-89561-165-0 .
  • Manessier , Paris 1955
  • Le Déménagement . Paris 1956.
German translation by Guido G. Meister: The move . Walter, Freiburg 1958. Further editions Deutsche Buchgemeinschaft, Ffm 1962, Berlin-Ost, Volk und Welt.
  • La Gaffe . Roman, Paris 1957.
A mistake . German translation by Guido G. Meister, with an afterword by Gerda Zeltner-Neukomm, Walter Freiburg 1963.
  • Les Corps étrangers . Roman, Paris 1959.
As a German translation by Guido G. Meister under the title Der Fremdkörper . Walter, Freiburg 1959, Deutscher Bücherbund Stuttgart 1962 and Book Guild Gutenberg Frankfurt aM 1962. As paperback Fischer, Frankfurt a. M. 1969.
  • Le Froid du soleil , Roman, Paris 1963.
The cold sun . Translation by Guido G. Meister, Walter, Freiburg 1965.
  • Le Droit de regard , Paris 1963 (together with Claude Durand)
  • Midi minuit . Roman, Paris 1966, German noon midnight . Translation + provided with an afterword: Guido G. Meister, Walter Verlag, Freiburg 1968, paperback edition Ullstein, Ffm 1981, ISBN 3-548-30116-9 .
  • De l'espace humain , Paris 1968
  • Je l'entends encore , Roman, Paris 1968
  • Histoire d'une prairie , Paris 1969
  • Histoire d'un désert , Paris 1972
  • Histoire de la mer , Paris 1973
  • Lectures . Essay, Paris 1973.
  • Kakemono hôtel . Roman, Paris 1974 (filmed in 1978)
  • Histoire de la forêt . Paris 1975.
  • Histoire d'une maison . Roman, Paris 1976
  • Les Enfants pillards . Paris 1978.
  • Histoire du ciel . Paris 1979.
  • Exposés au soleil . Paris 1980.
  • L'Homme dans le rétroviseur . Roman, Paris 1981.
  • Un mot d'auteur . Paris 1983.
  • Qui suis-je? and Une mémoire toute fraîche . Paris 1984.
  • Les Châtaignes . Paris 1986.
  • Des nuits plus blanches que nature . Paris 1987.
  • À pleine voix . Paris 1992.

Scripts / films

  • Nuit et brouillard , documentary by Alain Resnais , music by Hanns Eisler , 30 minutes, 1955, German title Nacht und Nebel
  • Madame se meurt , short film by Cayrol himself, 1961
  • Muriel, ou le Temps d'un retour , feature film by Alain Resnais, 1963, German title Muriel or Die Zeit der Wiederkehr (a book on this was published in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1965)
  • Le Coup de grâce , feature film by Cayrol, 1964, with Danielle Darrieux and Michel Piccoli , German title A moment of grace
  • Ne pas déranger , Movie made for TV by Cayrol, 1975

literature

  • Walter Helmut Fritz : Cayrol's "lazarenische" prose , Wiesbaden 1966
  • Daniel Oster: Jean Cayrol et son oevre , Paris 1967
  • Daniel Oster: Jean Cayrol , Paris 1973
  • Bastian Reinert: Translating Memory: Acts of Testimony in Resnais, Cayrol, and Celan, in: Translating Holocaust Literature, ed. v. Peter Arnds, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2016, pp. 139–152.
  • Elisabeth Edl & Wolfgang Matz: A voice from “Night and Fog”. About Jean Cayrol. In: Akzente December 1997, issue 6, ISBN 3446232575 , page 502 f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paul Celan: “something entirely personal”. Letters 1934–1970. Selected, edited and commented by Barbara Wiedemann. Berlin 2019. p. 683.
  2. ↑ Winfried Engler : Lexicon of French Literature (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 388). 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-520-38802-2 .
  3. ^ Edition Munich 1988
  4. ↑ No. 14 from 1962 , accessed April 13, 2011
  5. ^ Sand by the Sea , accessed April 13, 2011
  6. ↑ The subject of this book is itself, writes Engler, namely "its origin, its relationship to reality and truth"

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Cayrol, Jean
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cayrol, Jean Raphaël Marie Noël (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French author and publisher
DATE OF BIRTH June 6, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH Bordeaux
DATE OF DEATH February 10, 2005
Place of death Bordeaux