Jean-Marie Roland de La Platière
Jean-Marie Roland de La Platière (born February 18, 1734 in Thizy near Villefranche-sur-Saône , † November 10, 1793 in Bourg-Beaudouin near Rouen) was a French economist and politician during the French Revolution who joined the Girondins belonged to. Between March 1792 and January 1793 he was Minister of the Interior under the King and in the first French Republic .
Life
In the province
As a young man, Jean-Marie Roland decided to work in the trade and manufacturing department. At first he was interested in his Beaujolais region and then in a factory in Aubenas (Ardèche), which was mechanized as a royal manufacture in 1752. As an excellent, recognized expert, he soon belonged to the corps of inspectors. In 1780 he was appointed inspector of the Amiens factories , and in that year he married Jeanne-Marie Phlipon, who was twenty years his junior . In Amiens he published works with the titles l'Art du fabricant d'etoffes en laine and l'Art du fabricant de velours de cotton . During this time he went on a study trip to England with his wife. In 1784 Roland became inspector of the manufactories in Lyon . A supporter of revolutionary ideas, he was elected to the conseil Général de la Commune of the city in 1790 and sent to Paris in 1791 to inform the National Assembly about the deplorable state of trade and manufactories in the Lyon region.
Paris and the Revolution
Roland lived in the capital for a few months, attended the Jacobin Club there and made the acquaintance of Jacques Pierre Brissot , François-Nicolas-Léonard Buzot , Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve and Maximilien de Robespierre , among others . At the end of 1791 he moved to Paris with his wife and daughter Eudora. Madame Roland , also interested in politics, soon received many politically influential men in her salon . The inner circle of the Girondins met at her place. Thanks to the influence of his wife, Jean-Marie Roland was appointed Minister of the Interior by the King in March 1792.
In his letter of June 10th, Roland urged the king to withdraw his veto on the decrees on the oath-refusing priests and on the convening of the federated. Louis XVI insisted on his refusal and on June 13, dismissed Roland and the Girondist ministers Étienne Clavière and Joseph Servan .
After the suspension of the king on August 10, 1792 by the Legislative Assembly, this decided to form a provisional executive council in which Jean-Marie Roland was again responsible for domestic policy. Because of the hopeless military situation, Roland prepared the evacuation of the government to an area south of the Loire at the end of August and encountered determined resistance from Georges Danton . During the September massacres in Paris prisons, he passed out and let things take their course.
Elected to the National Convention by the Somme department in September , Roland, at the request of the Assembly, renounced his mandate as a member of Parliament in order to retain his post as Minister of the Interior in the newly established republic. As Minister of the Interior, also responsible for parts of the economy, he supported a liberal economic policy. In December 1792, for example, the convent repealed the regulations from September and re-established the free trade in grain and flour. - On November 20, a secret walled-in compartment was discovered in the Tuileries; the documents contained therein prove secret negotiations between the king and the enemies of the revolution. This also put Roland in distress: The Montagnards accused him of having all the fonts compromising Gironde disappeared. The Girondins' request to question the people in the trial against the king intensified the conflict with the Montagnards. Exhausted by the increasingly violent attacks by the mountain party and the sans-culottes , but also because of private problems, Jean-Marie Roland resigned as Minister of the Interior on January 23, 1793.
Roland wanted to leave Paris, but the Convention refused to give him permission. After leading Girondins were arrested on June 2, he managed to escape to Normandy in Rouen. Madame Roland stayed in Paris at her own request. On November 10, 1793, Roland learned of his wife's execution . He marched on the street towards Paris and killed himself with his cane in the evening . - Albert Soboul characterizes Roland as a "righteous and humble" man.
From 1780 he was a corresponding member of the Académie royale des sciences .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Soboul p. 203
- ^ List of members since 1666: Letter R. Académie des sciences, accessed on February 22, 2020 (French).
literature
- The content of the present article largely follows the French version and thus Alain Decaux, André Castelot (Ed.): Grand dictionnaire d'histoire de France . Perrin, Paris 1979.
- Albert Soboul: The great French Revolution . An outline of their history (1789 - 1799) . 5th edition, Athenäum-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1988.
- François Furet, Mona Ozouf (Ed.): Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution . 2 vols., Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1996.
Web links
- Discours de Roland à la Convention Nationale (French)
- Roland reste au ministère de l'Intérieur (French)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Roland de La Platière, Jean-Marie |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French revolutionary |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 18, 1734 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Thizy at Villefranche-sur-Saône |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 10, 1793 |
| Place of death | Bourg-Beaudouin near Rouen |