Jedburgh Abbey
| Jedburgh Abbey | ||
|---|---|---|
 Thomas Girtin (1775-1802) |
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| Data | ||
| place | Jedburgh , Scotland | |
| builder | David I. (client) | |
| Construction year | circa 1118 | |
| Coordinates | 55 ° 28 '34 " N , 2 ° 33' 13" W | |
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Jedburgh Abbey is the ruin of an Augustinian monastery in Jedburgh , a town in the Scottish Borders region of Scotland , about 10 km north of the Scottish-English border. The abbey was founded in the 12th century by order of David I of Scotland .
history
In the middle of the 9th century there were two places called Gedworth (old name of Jedburgh, which had a total of 83 different name variations), one is today's Jedburgh, the other was 7 km to the south. Ecgred, Bishop of Lindisfarne from 830 to 845 , was the founder of the two places and built the first church in the parish here. In 1118, after his accession to the throne, David I summoned Augustinian monks from Bouhy ( France ) and thus founded the monastery. The newly founded religious house was given the rank of priory for the first few years , later that of a monastery and, after the death of King David I around 1147, that of an independent abbey, consecrated to the Blessed Virgin Mary ( St. Mary's Abbey ).
Kings Malcolm IV and William the Lion renewed the abbey's privileges and the Abbot of St. Marys was appointed to the Scottish Parliament . The nave and choir were built in the 13th century and King Alexander III. Yolande de Dreux married here in 1285 . The building was considered one of the finest examples of Norman and early English architecture.
In addition to lands and chapels in southern Scotland, Jedburgh Abbey owned large estates in Northumberland . Therefore the abbot had to swear allegiance to the English King Edward I at a court day in Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1296 . Eduard wanted to intervene in the management of the abbey and in the same year appointed a new abbot. After the defeat of the Earl of Surrey at Stirling against William Wallace , the abbey was plundered and devastated by the English in retaliation. Robert the Bruce (1274-1329) had it restored during his reign, but it fell back into the hands of the English in 1346, after the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Neville's Cross . In 1370 it was enlarged with a transept on behalf of King David II of Scotland .
In 1410, 1416 and 1464 the monastery was destroyed several times by the Earl of Warwick . 1523 again, as did the village of Jedburgh. In the late 15th century, the abbey's monks founded the Jedburgh Grammar School . The beginning of the Scottish Reformation around 1560 was the end of the great Abbey of St. Mary of Jedburgh .
During the Reformation, the monks were allowed to stay in the monastery, but the church was used as a place of worship for the Reformed community. In 1671 part of the main nave was closed for security reasons, then in 1871 completely and a new parish church was built. Despite renovation attempts, the abbey was finally handed over to the state in 1917 after 800 years and is now in the care of "Historic Scotland".
Picture gallery
Abbey around 2007
overall view
Nave
Side entrance
Funerary monument
Web links
- Jedburgh Abbey on Internet Archives (accessed June 7, 2012)
- Jedburgh Abbey on Undiscovered Scotland (accessed June 7, 2012)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Article Historic Scotland in the English language Wikipedia