Job (work)
Job (British: [ ˈdʒɔb ], American: [ ˈdʒɑːb ]) is an Anglicism that is used in everyday language to mean a temporary, rather short-term job without special proof of qualification or an occasional job by people for the purpose of earning an income . The opposite of the job is the profession and the calling (office) .
General
The origin of the word is not clear. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary , the word comes from the 16th century phrase jobbe of worke for a little work as opposed to permanent work.
In Anglo-Saxon countries, too, the distinction between job and occupation is common. While the “job” is understood here more as a secondary activity, a rather long-term activity with evidence of qualifications is called “profession” (lat. Professio ) or “occupation”. In contrast to a job, internal responsibility or identification with the job is not a prerequisite for a job . That is why the motivation to work tends to be lower when doing a job than at work. This is expressed in the verb “jobben” as an activity temporarily taken on for the purpose of generating income. Job is more of a short-term, coincidental or changing job. This short-term nature is clearly visible in the vacation job . Since there are mostly no fixed professional regulations in the USA, there is usually no strict separation of terms between “job” and “occupation”.
Differentiation from occupation
While the job content and qualifications are of essential importance in the job, income generation is the focus of the job . Since the job is a short-term activity, frequent changes of job are likely, so that - unlike in the case of a job - a lifelong stay in the same job (“life occupation”) is not to be expected. Therefore, the employment biography shows no continuous development, but is characterized by friction in career development. Job or occupation changes and reorientations occur more and more often and impair constant career planning. Systematic vocational training is not planned for jobs, so that learning by doing is often sufficient as induction at the workplace. Research on administrative assistants at the University of Michigan found that 37% saw their job as a job, 33% a calling, and 30% a job with a career. This means that even in the case of homogeneous activities, different views can arise about the nature of the activity. To a certain extent, work is what you make of it.
Terms formed from “job”
The German administrative language has officially used the term at the job center since 2004 . As part of the German labor market reform, terms such as midijob , mini -job or 1-euro job were created . Public law uses the term as it is intended in everyday language, namely as temporary employment .
A typical term in the industry is the job stopper . These are unplanned and unexpected work obstacles and disruptions in the workflow that lead to a delay in the work and production process. Job stoppers are particularly critical when the operational production process is under time pressure, because fixed delivery times have to be adhered to.
In personnel development , the terms training on the job (on -the-job training), off-the-job (in-house or external training) or near-the-job (measures that take place in close proximity to the workplace in terms of content, time and location) accepted.
See also
Job is used as a prefix for many terms:
Web links
- Anatoly Liberman : The word “job” and its low-class kin , on The Oxford Etymologist blog , December 13, 2017 (on the etymology of the word job ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Online Etymology Dictionary on Job
- ↑ Jobs, Careers and Callings: People's Relations to Their Work , in: Journal of Research in Personality, 1997, p 31
- ↑ Manfred Spitzer, Job-Beruf-Berufung , in: Nervenheilkunde 10/2006, P. 806 (PDF; 674 kB)
- ↑ a tattoo that is under the wrist or above the collarbone is also called a “job stopper”
- ↑ Ellena Werning, Evaluation of the training off-the-job , 2013, p. 11