Johann Balthasar Michel

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Johann Balthasar Michel (born February 6, 1755 in Mannheim ; † August 13, 1818 in Munich ) was a German wine and horse trader. He received on 30 July 1801 the first Protestant the civil rights of the city of Munich.

Life

The Mannheim merchant Johann Balthasar Michel wanted to acquire a wine bar license in Munich , which was only possible for citizens of the city. His request to be admitted to the citizenship was the magistrate rejected the city because he was not a Catholic. Michel then turned to the Bavarian Elector Max Joseph , whose second wife Karoline was Protestant herself and who had brought her own Protestant court from the Palatinate to Munich in 1799. Michel seems to have been well known to the elector. According to rumors at the time, Michel, who also acts as a moneylender, is said to have helped the elector out of many financial difficulties even before he took office in Munich.

When the magistrate wanted to pass the matter on to the "Oberland Landscape Committee", Max Joseph gave the magistrate a handwritten instruction on July 29, 1801:

"After careful consideration and with the certainty that the law is on my side, I hereby order my city magistrate, at 6 o'clock tomorrow evening at the latest, to grant the merchant Michel von Mannheim citizenship, otherwise I would be compelled to do the strictest To seize funds. Every member of the magistrate is personally liable for the slightest excess. I command these attitudes of mine to the mayor Sedlmayer to mean the magistrate. "

The magistrate of the city of Munich then issued the naturalization certificate for Michel on July 30, 1801:

"We, the noble, wise and laudable magistrate of the local capital and residence city, have: Johann Balthasar Michel, the son of a merchant from Mannheim, is graciously and generously accepted as a citizen and wine host in Munich."

After paying a fee of 470 guilders, Michel was able to take over the wine tavern at Rosengasse 11b. The process was an act to establish religious freedom in the sense of the Enlightenment . On the other hand, it represented an interference with the autonomy of the city administration, which was then further undermined in 1802 by Maximilian von Montgelas when the state took over judicial and police sovereignty.

In August 1818, Michel died at the age of 63 in Munich and was buried there in the southern cemetery , where his tomb is still to this day.

family

Johann Balthasar Michel was the son of the madder color manufacturer Johann Christoph Michel (1731–1800) and Catharina Barbara, née. Hoffmann (1731-1782). He married on March 30, 1780 in Mannheim (Anna) Elisabetha Back (1761–1800). His son, the merchant and Rittmeister à la suite , Abraham Friedrich Michel (1791–1842), married Maria Katharina Raulino (1801–1858). His daughter Sophie Elisabeth Michel (1783–1830) married the merchant and banker Ernst Fries (1772–1829) in 1801.

literature

  • Richard Bauer : History of Munich, from the Middle Ages to the present . CH Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 978-3-406-51028-1 .
  • Armin Rudi Kitzmann: The open gate. From the history of the Protestants in Munich . Claudius, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-532-62094-4 .
  • Karl Stankiewitz : Minorities in Munich: Immigration, Exclusion, Integration - from the Middle Ages to the Present (= Little Munich Stories). Pustet, Regensburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7917-2705-9 .
  • Michael Stephan: Confessional shift due to immigration in Munich. In: Hubertus Seibert (Ed.): Bavaria and the Protestants. Pustet, Regensburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-7917-2867-4 , pp. 190–212, here pp. 197–200.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Jürgen Balthasar: Magistrate did not want Protestant Munich residents. In: The world . July 21, 2001. Retrieved August 13, 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b Richard Bauer: History of Munich , p. 94.
  3. ↑ Richard Bauer: History of Munich , p. 96.
  4. ↑ Armin Rudi Kitzmann: The Open Gate , p. 85. (There erroneous transcription: “to mine” instead of “to the Munich city ​​magistrate”; cf. ibid. P. 68 facsimile copy of the handwriting.)
  5. ^ Karl Stankiewitz: Minorities in Munich .
  6. ↑ Richard Bauer: History of Munich , p. 102.
  7. ↑ Photo in: Michael Stephan: Confessional shift through immigration in Munich , p. 200.
  8. ↑ Michel, Johann Balthasar. In: Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe, digital edition. December 16, 2017, accessed August 13, 2018 .


personal data
SURNAME Michel, Johann Balthasar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German wine and horse trader
DATE OF BIRTH February 6, 1755
PLACE OF BIRTH Mannheim
DATE OF DEATH August 13, 1818
Place of death Munich