Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe

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Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe (born January 16, 1776 in Göttingen , † February 21, 1854 in Tübingen ) was a German mathematician and physicist .

life and work

Heinrich Poppe was born on January 16, 1776 in Göttingen as the son of the university mechanic Heinrich Balthasar Poppe (1725-1818) there. From 1784 to 1791 he attended high school in Göttingen. On the side he learned the craft of watchmaking in his father's workshop and began producing publications at the age of 18. From 1793 he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Göttingen , a. a. with Abraham Gotthilf Kästner and Georg Christoph Lichtenberg . In 1803 he acquired his doctorate at the University of Helmstedt , whereupon the University of Göttingen granted him the license to teach. In 1804 he gave a lecture on "Mathematical Geography" here.

In 1805 Poppe became a professor for mathematics and physics at the municipal high school in Frankfurt am Main . He was the first scientist to be accepted as a full teacher and college in the college of the institute founded in 1520, which until then had only consisted of classical philologists. From 1812 to 1814 he was also a professor at the short-lived Lyceum Carolinum , a university founded by the then Frankfurt Grand Duke Karl Theodor von Dalberg . In addition, he was involved in the establishment of a Polytechnic Society in Frankfurt, which still exists today and in the beginning had the purpose of familiarizing the craftsmen with technological progress through advanced training measures. Poppe was elected its first president.

In 1818 he went as a professor for technology to a newly created chair at the University of Tübingen and held this teaching post until his retirement in 1841. His successor was the director of the Polytechnic School in Karlsruhe, Wilhelm Ludwig von Volz (1799–1855).

Poppe made a name for himself through numerous publications in the field of mechanical engineering and technology. Many were aimed at a broad readership and at the youth. Most of his books are descriptive and encyclopedic. Since his youth he has been intensively involved in the art of watchmaking and was one of the first authors to deal with practical questions of rescue services and accident prevention . In some of his publications he used the pseudonym Jacob Auch (see the personal file in the German National Library).

Heinrich Poppe married Christiane Mentzer (1789–1861) from Göttingen in 1805. From this marriage three daughters and one son were born. Two of his daughters successively married the Tübingen medical professor Hermann Friedrich Autenrieth (1799–1874).

In 1836 Poppe was awarded the Crown Order (and thus the nobility) by the King of Württemberg.

Fonts

  • An attempt at a history of the development and progress of theoretical and practical watchmaking, Göttingen 1797.
  • Detailed history of theoretical and practical watchmaking, Leipzig 1801.
  • General rescue book, Hanover Pyrmont 1805.
  • Encyclopedia of all mechanical engineering, 2nd edition. Leipzig 1820-26, 8 vols.
  • Manual of technology. Heidelberg 1806-10. 4 vols.
  • History of technology. Göttingen 1807-11, 3 vols.
  • Instructions for the knowledge and treatment of pocket watches for watch owners and manufacturers, Gotha 1807
  • Joh. Heinr. Moritz Poppe's practical handbook for watchmakers, watch dealers and watch owners; Or: complete lexicon and explanation of the terms and artificial words that occur in the manufacture, repair and use of all kinds of clockworks, together with the tools and other equipment associated with them. New edition. Leipzig 1810, 2 vols. Digitized
  • Emergency and auxiliary lexicon for the protection of human life from all imaginable accidents, Nuremberg 1811
  • General Technology Guide. Stuttgart 1821.
  • History of all inventions and discoveries in the field of trade, arts and sciences from the earliest times to our days. Stuttgart 1837
  • Technological lexicon , with a precise description of all mechanical arts, crafts, manufactures and factories ..., 5 volumes, 1816–20
  • Protection and defense against accidents, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1839.

literature

  • Siegmund Günther :  Poppe, Johann Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 26, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 418-420.
  • Helmut Kahlert: Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe (1776-1854). Appreciation of a controversial personality . In: Journal for Württemberg State History, vol. 64 (2005), pp. 211–225.
  • Wilfried Lagler: Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe. From math to technology . In: Henning Schüler (Ed.): Adolph Diesterweg. Knowledge on the move , Deutscher Studien Verlag, Weinheim 1990, pp. 113–116, ISBN 3-89271-243-3 .
  • Wilfried Lagler: Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe. Watchmaker, scientist, professor of technology , 1776–1854. In: Gerhard Taddey / Rainer Brüning (eds.): Life pictures from Baden-Württemberg , Volume 22, Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, pp. 136–152, ISBN 978-3-17-020184-2 .
  • Wilfried Lagler: Professors Lichtenberg and Kästner from the perspective of the Göttingen student Heinrich Poppe , in: Lichtenberg-Jahrbuch 2008, pp. 125–132.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Personal names file Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe in the DNB
  2. ↑ Ludwig Hoerner in: A gent, B vein and C opisten, Hannoversches commercial ABC 1800-1900 , Hannover 1995, p XII

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Poppe, Johann Heinrich Moritz von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Also, Jacob (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician and physicist
DATE OF BIRTH January 16, 1776
PLACE OF BIRTH Goettingen
DATE OF DEATH February 21, 1854
Place of death Tübingen