Johann Kaspar Thürriegel

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Johann Kaspar Thürriegel

Johann Kaspar Thürriegel (also Johann Caspar von Thürrigel ; * July 31, 1722 in Konzell -Gossersdorf; † January 26, 1800 in Pamplona , Spain ) was a member of the Prussian Freikorps "Gschray", spy of the Saxon and French secret services and colonist recruiter in the service of spanish crown.

Life

Thürriegel was born as the son of a half farmer in the Bavarian Forest . He was initially a clerk in the brewery administration in Gossersdorf, then an electoral court clerk in Mitterfels. At the age of twenty he joined the Freikorps Gschray , but then joined the French infantry regiment "La Mark" as a cadet . During the Seven Years' War he was mainly employed as a spy in the French service, where he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. When his wish for his own free corps in France was not fulfilled, he joined the newly founded Prussian free corps of his old friend Gschray in 1760 . After the dispute broke out, Gschray denounced him to the king, whereupon Thürriegel was arrested in 1761. When it was found out that he was innocent, he was released from prison in 1763. In 1766 Thürriegel published a diatribe on Gschray under the title: The happy Bavarian iron official, or strange life story of the notorious Königl. Prussian Major General Mr. Gschray.

1767 succeeded Thürriegel, the modern and enlightened King of Spain, Karl III. to get excited about his plan for the internal colonization of Spain. Equipped with a corresponding power of attorney from the Spanish Crown, he recruited over 7,000 settlers in southern Germany (Baden, Württemberg, Palatinate, Electorates Mainz and Trier), Alsace, Lorraine, Switzerland and Flanders, who lived in the Sierra Morena and Andalusia Founded 15 towns and 26 small settlements (including Fuente Palmera , La Carolina , La Luisiana , La Carlota , Cañada Rosal , Aldeaquemada ).

The governments of the countries of origin hindered and forbade solicitation, and in some cases even placed bounties on door bars. Contrary to his contract with the Spanish crown, he was therefore not only able to recruit “valuable Catholic workers”, but to a large extent only poor day laborers , agricultural and migrant workers and traveling people . After the fall of the Spanish head of colonization, Superintendente de las Nuevas Poblaciones de Sierra Morena y Andalucía Pablo de Olavide y Jáuregui, the settlements fell into disrepair. As a result of the Hispanization process, which was desired from the start, the predominantly German-speaking immigrants soon adopted the Spanish language. In 1835 the special status was lifted and the new towns and villages integrated into the normal provincial administrations.

Thürriegel was sentenced to ten years imprisonment in Pamplona for a customs offense in 1787. After a while he managed to escape. But instead of fleeing across the border into France, he turned to the king, threw himself at his feet, and asked for justice or mercy. Moved back to the citadel in Pamplona, ​​he died there on January 26, 1800, presumably in rather mild imprisonment. According to the notification letter from the clerk Mariano de Comas to the widow Thürriegels, he left behind a cash of 15,053 reales and older furniture. “Señora condesa de Schwanenfeld y Turrijel” was left to pick up the furniture. "Don Juan Gaspar de Turrijel" was buried at the church of the citadel.

The Cuatro Reinos de Andalucía and the Nuevas Poblaciones de Andalucía

Others

On July 31, 2011, Johann Kaspar Thürriegel was erected in his home town of Gossersdorf in the Bavarian Forest.

Works

  • The happy Bavarian Eisenamtmann, or strange life story of the notorious Königl. Prussian Major General Mr. Gschray, In addition to secret news from his relatives as well as from Lieutenant Colonel Herr v. Door bolt. Provided with authentic enclosures, letters and writings. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1766.
    • The happy Bavarian Eisenamtmann in the Google book search
    • Also in: Hans Bleckwenn (Hrsg.): Old Prussian Commission - official, officious and private. Reprints after first editions and first publications after manuscripts , issue 5. Reprint of the Frankfurt and Leipzig 1766 edition, Biblio-Verlag Bissendorf, Osnabrück 1974, ISBN 3-7648-0815-2 or ISBN 978-3-7648-0815-0 .

literature

  • Pleikard Joseph Stumpf: Memorable Bavaria . Rieger, Munich 1865. pp.242f
  • Karl Theodor von Heigel:  Thürriegel, Josef Kaspar . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 38, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 230-233.
  • Joseph Weiß: The German colony in the Sierra Morena and its founder Johann Caspar von Thürrigel, a Bavarian adventurer of the 18th century . Bachem, Cologne 1907.
  • Georg Niemeier: The German colonies in southern Spain: Contributions to the cultural geography of the submerged German islands in the Sierra Morena and in Lower Andalusia . Behre, Hamburg 1937.
  • Hermann Baier: With Thürriegel into the Sierra Morena. In: My homeland. Badische Blätt für Volkskunde , 1, 1937, pp. 80–82.
  • Rudolf Reichhart: Johann Kaspar von Thürriegel. In: Michael Wellenhofer (Ed.): The district of Straubing-Bogen. Straubing-Bogen district, Straubing 1984. pp. 271-273.
  • María Palacios Alcalde: El último manifiesto del Cornel Thürriegel desde el presidio de Pamplona. In: Miguel Avilés, Guillermo Sena (ed.): Nuevas poblaciones en la España moderna . UNED, Madrid 1991. ISBN 84-87785-00-X , pp. 233-252.
  • Hans Hofmann: Johann Caspar Thürriegel from Gossersdorf. The rise and fall of an adventurer in the 18th century. In: Der Bayerwald , Heft 2, 2004, pp. 17-20.
  • Alois Schmid : Johann Kaspar von Thürriegel (1722–1795) and his colony in the Sierra Morena. In: Alois Schmid, Katharina Weigand (Hrsg.): Bavaria in the middle of Europe. From the early Middle Ages to the 20th century . CH Beck, Munich 2005. ISBN 3-406-52898-8 , pp. 228-241.
  • Adolfo Hamer Flores: Las Nuevas Poblaciones de Andalucía y sus primeros colonos (1768-1771) . Bubok, Madrid 2009. ISBN 978-84-9916-187-7 .
  • Adolfo Hamer Flores: Las últimas voluntades de Johann Kaspar von Thürriegel (1722–1800), coronel bávaro al servicio de Carlos III . In: Ámbitos. Revista de Estudios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades , 23, 2010, pp. 113-119.
  • Alois Schmid : Johann Kaspar Thürriegel from Gossersdorf: adventurer and colonizer . In: Historischer Verein für Straubing and the surrounding area , 113, 2011, pp. 213–232.

Movie

  • Engelbert Schwarzenbeck: The Viceroy of the Sierra Morena. How the Bavarian adventurer Johann Kaspar Thürriegel founded a colony in Andalusia. TV documentary by Bayerischer Rundfunk , 2002

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ He did not belong to the then already extinct Franconian noble family Türriegel von Riegelstein . For a detailed biography of Thürriegels before his arrival in Spain, cf. Joseph Weiß, 1907, pp. 15-27.
  2. ^ Joseph Weiß, 1907, p. 111.
  3. ^ Adolfo Hamer Flores, 2010, p. 118.
personal data
SURNAME Thürriegel, Johann Kaspar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Thürrigel, Johann Caspar von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian spy and colonist recruiter in the service of the Spanish crown
DATE OF BIRTH July 31, 1722
PLACE OF BIRTH Konzell -Gossersdorf
DATE OF DEATH January 26, 1800
Place of death Pamplona