Johann Nobis

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The house where Johann Nobis was born in Holzhausen / St. George

Johann Nobis (born April 16, 1899 in St. Georgen near Salzburg ; † January 6, 1940 in Berlin-Plötzensee ) was an Austrian conscientious objector during the National Socialist era , who was sentenced to death and executed for so-called disintegration of the military .

Life

Johann Nobis was born as the son of a farmer on the so-called blacksmith's farm in Holzhausen , St. Georgen municipality. He took part in the First World War as a soldier . Later he worked as an unskilled worker at a construction company in Salzburg , where he "probably made contact with Jehovah's Witnesses " and joined this Christian religious community .

After March 1938, the " connection of Austria" to the National Socialist German Reich took place, Nobis 1939 should be called up for military service in the Armed Forces. However, because of his faith, he refused to accept this and the oath of allegiance to Adolf Hitler . Nobis was arrested by the National Socialists and on November 23, 1939, sentenced to death by the Reich Court Martial for undermining his military strength , and on December 20, 1939 he was taken to the Berlin-Plötzensee prison , where he was executed on January 6, 1940.

On the day of his execution , five other Jehovah's Witnesses from Salzburg were executed.

His younger brother, Matthias Nobis (born January 15, 1910 in St. Georgen), also belonged to the Jehovah's Witnesses and was sentenced to death by the Reich Court Martial on December 20, 1939 for degrading military strength and executed on January 26, 1940 in Berlin-Plötzensee .

Processing and commemoration

The stumbling blocks for the two Jehovah's Witnesses, Johann and Matthias Nobis, who were executed in 1940

The farewell letter of January 2, 1940, written by Matthias Nobis to his parents while in prison in Berlin and which was in the family's possession, was later handed over by family member Gertraud (Feichtinger-) Nobis to the Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance (DÖW) in Vienna .

On July 19, 1997, the German artist Gunter Demnig laid two " stumbling blocks " in front of Nobis' birthplace in St. Georgen in memory of Johann Nobis and his brother Matthias Nobis.

These were the first two officially approved stumbling blocks after Demnig started his long-term memorial project in 1995 and since then he has carried out several "unauthorized relocations" of stumbling blocks. The relocation in St. Georgen was initiated by the local founder of the memorial service , Andreas Maislinger , and had the approval and support of the mayor, Friedrich Amerhauser.

As part of the A Letter To The Stars project , a “Letter in Heaven to Johann Nobis” was written and attached to a white balloon from Heldenplatz in Vienna on May 5, 2003, and sent into the sky together with around 80,000 other letters on one each white balloon.

literature

  • Marcus Herrberger (Ed.): Because it is written: “You shouldn't kill!” The persecution of religious conscientious objectors under the Nazi regime with special consideration of the Jehovah's Witnesses (1939–1945). Verlag Österreich, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7046-4671-7 , pp. 159, 406 ( Colloquium series , vol. 12; table of contents online ).
  • Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance (ed.); Christa Mitterrutzner, Gerhard Ungar (edit.): Resistance and persecution in Salzburg 1934–1945. A documentation. Volume 2. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-215-06566-5 , pp. 325, 339-341.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance (Ed.); Christa Mitterrutzner, Gerhard Ungar (edit.): Resistance and persecution in Salzburg 1934–1945. A documentation. Volume 2. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-215-06566-5 , pp. 325, 339-341.
  2. ↑ Marcus Herrberger (Ed.): Because it is written: “You shouldn't kill!” The persecution of religious conscientious objectors under the Nazi regime with special consideration of the Jehovah's Witnesses (1939–1945). Verlag Österreich, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7046-4671-7 , p. 406 ( online at Google books ).
  3. ↑ Marcus Herrberger (Ed.): Because it is written: “You shouldn't kill!” The persecution of religious conscientious objectors under the Nazi regime with special consideration of the Jehovah's Witnesses (1939–1945). Verlag Österreich, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7046-4671-7 , p. 406 ( online at Google books).
  4. ^ Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance (ed.); Christa Mitterrutzner, Gerhard Ungar (edit.): Resistance and persecution in Salzburg 1934–1945. A documentation. Volume 2. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-215-06566-5 , pp. 339–341.
  5. ^ "Stumbling blocks" for reminder ( Memento from July 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ). Jehovah's Witnesses press release dated July 17, 1997; Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  6. ↑ Memorial stones for Nazi victims . On: ORF website from August 14, 2006, accessed on May 11, 2011.
  7. ^ Stefan Mayer: Salzburg's lowest point . On: www.salzburgermonat.at from June 24, 2009; Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  8. ↑ Letter in heaven to Johann Nobis ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In the A Letter To The Stars project ; Retrieved May 11, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lettertothestars.at
personal data
SURNAME Nobis, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian conscientious objector and Nazi victim
DATE OF BIRTH April 16, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Sankt Georgen near Salzburg
DATE OF DEATH January 6, 1940
Place of death Berlin-Plötzensee