Johannes Hakenmüller
Johannes Hakenmüller (born September 10, 1857 in Tailfingen ; † April 19, 1917 there ) was a German entrepreneur in the textile industry . He was one of the pioneers who turned his hometown Tailfingen into the German jersey city through infrastructural and technical measures . His textile factories, founded in 1887 (see Hasana J. Hakenmüller ) were among the leading production facilities for innovative textiles and health linen in Germany under his successors and sons Julius and Paul in the 1930s.
Life
Hakenmüller grew up as the son of the shoemaker and shopkeeper Jakob Hakenmüller (1820–1877) and his first wife Henrike Hakenmüller, nee Wizemann (1821-1870) with four siblings in the lower section of today's Friedhofstrasse in the south and on the edge of the center of Tailfingen. His grandfather Konrad (1791–1865), ´Schäferle` (originally a shepherd by profession), ran a general store in what is now Marktstrasse in Tailfingen. His other forefathers either worked as weavers or schoolmasters (verifiably from 1630) and moved from Ebingen to Tailfingen around 1700.
After attending the Froebel School and then the trade school in Ebingen, he completed a commercial apprenticeship in Balingen from July 1, 1873 to February 7, 1876, and worked for a hardware store in Winnenden from May 10, 1876 to September 15, 1877 . From November 6, 1877 to October 3, 1879 he was trained as a non-commissioned officer with the 8th Company of the 7th Württemberg Infantry Regiment No.125 in Stuttgart.
He then earned his money at the Wilhelm Kauffmann company in Aalen until August 1880 and then in the field as a traveler. On May 3, 1884, he married Luise Maria Krauss (1855-1927), widow of the soap maker Wilhelm Rieger and daughter of the carpenter and host of the Waldhorn restaurant, Johannes Krauss (1803-1878) in Aalen , today's furniture company abitare & Krauss .
Contrary to his original plan to trade in iron goods, he founded the company J. Conzelmann & Compagnie with Johannes Conzelmann and Jakob Bitzer in 1884 with a new building on Moltkestrasse in Tailfingen. The production was mostly fed by orders from the Jewish textile entrepreneurs in nearby Hohenzollern-Hechingen , who, due to overcapacities, mainly passed on yarn and thread to the textile craftsmen who were mostly still working from home as subcontractors in Tailfingen. With the help of interest-friendly loans from the royal Württemberg central office for trade and commerce in Stuttgart, they had gradually acquired the round chairs first brought to Tailfingen by Jakob Gonser in 1853, which primarily replaced the mechanical looms and now production is much faster a seamless hose made of cotton that is more hygienic and more supple for the human body .
This was mainly prepared by the German hygiene researcher Gustav Jäger in the 1880s, who labeled such textiles as normal laundry , which, however, should only be made from animal wool (e.g. from sheep). The first licensee for this was the Benger textile factory in Stuttgart-Degerloch in 1887. Obviously, Johannes Hakenmüller oriented himself to this, because the company logo he chose also shows a certain similarity with what will soon be the largest textile factory in Württemberg in the middle of Stuttgart.
On December 1, 1887, Johannes Hakenmüller separated on good terms from his two partners after, according to the land register entry, on December 10, 1887, house no.501 on what was then Ebinger Strasse of the Jakob Conzelmann Ölmüller son was on the had acquired the former site of an oil mill on the edge and in the northeast of Tailfingen, on which there was also a stream flowing down from the Neuweiler district.
The fight for water was decided - and with it for the direct washing, bleaching and dyeing of textiles in what was later to become the so-called ´T Shirt City` of Germany. After Hakenmüller with his first company and two colleagues had deliberately settled on the Schmiecha between the Upper and Lower Mühle, and the Kiemenbach (Martin Ammann KG) and Heutalbach (Martin Conzelmann) entering the center of the village were also occupied by the immediate competition , from then on, other textile companies had to buy expensive water for their equipment from the municipal network or commissioned it externally. Own water led to considerable economic advantages in the place. But not only this was decisive for the exodus of competition that began after 1900 in surrounding villages on or on the edge of the Swabian Alb, but the increasing shortage of workers. In addition, Ebinger stayed in Ebingen, Tailfingen in Tailfingen, Onstmettinger in Onstmettingen. Since Hechingen textile manufacturers were no longer producing on behalf of Hechingen, but independently and fully, not only seamstresses were needed, but also stokers, dyers, machine operators, warehouse workers and chauffeurs. The first prominent victim was the textile factory founded by Christian Schöller in 1871, also on Goethestrasse, the former state road. The sons-in-law of this pioneer, the Mautes, with their soon-to-be-known textile brands ´Kapart` and ´Ascot`, separated from him on good terms in 1889 and moved to the Unterland in Bisingen and Bodelshausen in 1910. Traditionally agricultural places where there was still a large reservoir of job seekers before Schöller himself relocated to Öschingen behind Mössingen in 1919 (not to be confused with Ernst Schöller in Tailfingen, who was also related, who was called in the 1960s and 1970s . 'King of the Knickers').
The certificate issued on January 16, 1888 for the Hakenmüller household insurance company Johannes Hakenmüller states that “Warehousing, consisting of all items belonging to a textile fabrication shop” is worth 20,000 marks , for “beds, covers and accessories” 1400 marks for “Clothes and personal clothing” 1,500 marks, for “books” only 100 marks and for “paintings, copperplate engravings, etc. Ä. “30 marks.
The factory buildings were expanded by him according to plans by Tailfinger foreman Carl Ammann , and the house was fundamentally renovated and given a neo-classical façade by Oberamts foreman Carl Heinz from Balingen . For this purpose, Hakenmüller took out a personal loan of 4,000 marks from Gottlieb Kern from Onstmettingen in July 1889 and a further 500 marks in April 1891, which he and his wife Luise had repaid by February 4, 1893.
“Many had already recognized the need to have their own banking institute on site. The immediate impetus for founding the 'Gewerbebank Thailfingen' came from the businessman Johannes Hakenmüller, who had gained experience with credit unions during his apprenticeship and traveling years. He was elected chairman of the supervisory board at the founding meeting on March 23, 1885. "
In addition to Salome Blickle, owner of the Tailfinger textile factory Balthasar Blickle's widow , Hakenmüller was the first to no longer see himself as a contractor , but as an independent textile manufacturer. So he started at least in 1887, on the ground floor of his house to 1900 fundamentally rebuilt at the former state road (today Goethe Street) together with his wife Luise dribeln , d. H. With the intention of creating a very own textile collection and Tailfinger textile brand, producing fabric by hand almost day and night on the machines that are still mechanically turned.
Johannes soon felt the physical consequences of this ordeal, which is why, from 1900 onwards, he took rest breaks during spa stays and the like because of problems with his heart. a. in Marbach am Neckar , once a pulmonary hospital, today's hospital of this city. Probably he had inhaled a lot of dust over many years when he initially ´dribbling` the material on the round chair machines, whereby the reason for his relatively short earthly life is not, as reported by his great-grandson Rolfdieter (born 1921), ´Typhus`, but a kind Tuberculosis may have been.
The number of round chairs rose to ten within a few months. The founder mainly relied on the machine knitting technology from Honoré Fouquet. First on a round chair manufactured in 1861 by Nopper & Fouquet (14 inches, 24 fineness), later by Fouquet & Frautz, such as one by Charles Terrot & Sons from 1886 (15 inches, 26 fineness). In 1900, Hakenmüller was the first to be able to expand his parental home with a production facility four times the size on Langen Strasse in Tailfingen.
Together with two other textile manufacturers, Martin Conzelmann and Johannes Conzelmann zur Rose, he operated the expansion of the Talgang railway line from Ebingen to Onstmettingen (inaugurated on July 19, 1901), especially for the section from Truchtelfingen to Tailfingen to speed up the transport of goods and shift them to rail
David Levy, Jewish owner of a yarn and thread factory in Hechingen, wrote on the 50th anniversary of Hakenmüller in 1937 that the company founder was “one of the most far-sighted and intelligent of his class in Tailfingen”, “whom I got to know ". And Emil Weil, managing director of the twisting and sewing needle factory J. Levi & Co. in Hechingen, praised: “In the 'Klein-Tailfingen' s. The founder of your company was currently one of the most intelligent and likeable pioneers in the jersey industry, which we would like to mention again on this occasion ”.
Hookmüller was also concerned with training young people: "A rare commercial talent enabled him to tackle great things, and many managers and merchants of today's generation owe him a valuable school that he attended as an apprentice."
One of his apprentices, Karl Bitzer, later founder of his own textile factory Karl-Bitzer-zur Rose in Tailfingen, remembered on December 3, 1937: “Strict but fair, orderly and extremely punctual, that's how my teacher (...) Johannes stands today Hakenmüller, in my mind's eye. In my years as an assistant, and especially in the independent business, I had to expand my judgment and I admired the really outstanding commercial skills, the business foresight combined with social understanding from inner need, in my former principal. I wanted to imitate him and he has always been a role model and guide for me in my professional life. "
For this purpose, Hakenmüller won over the jersey weaver Carl Rehfuss, who lives in his neighborhood on Jägerstrasse in Tailfingen, who, like many other factory founders in Tailfingen, had acquired his knitting knowledge as an apprentice in the leading European textile machine factories Terrot in Cannstatt near Stuttgart and Fouquet & Frautz in Rottenburg am Neckar . Wife Luise joined Hakenmüller as a limited partner with substantial funds inherited from her father .
She gave birth to her husband from 1885 to 1896, seven children, five boys and two girls, two of whom died in early childhood. Julius (* 1888), Paul (* 1890), Alfred (* 1892) and Karl (* 1895) later worked as textile manufacturers themselves. Luise (* 1893) married Carl Ammann in 1920, the eldest son and heir of the Tailfingen textile manufacturer Martin Ammann, with his two of three younger brothers, Reinhold and Eugen, he further textile factories in Bad Buchau as well as Saulgau and Truchtelfingen (Müller & Keller), also Jacob & sons (ISCO) took over in Stuttgart, where Konrad, his uncle and his father's brother, a dedicated factory in Tailfingen under the brand previously Kamantha had founded. Julius Hakenmüller, who completed an apprenticeship at Brügelmann & Söhne in Cologne and studied at the Royal Trade School in Reutlingen, had already married Klara Dölker, the daughter of a building contractor from Heilbronn, in 1912. After the divorce in 1939 he was in his second marriage to Antonie Rieser, geb. Schloz, a saleswoman at KadeP in Ebingen, who brought a nine-year-old daughter into the marriage, whose father was Jewish, which is why Julius had to hide his stepdaughter during the Second World War in the Salem boarding school, who later had a relationship with Werner Friedrich from Ebingen, Co-owner of the textile factory Gebrüder Friedrich (ebona) married.
Paul Hakenmüller, after training as a lieutenant at the royal military academy in Ludwigsburg, in the First World War lieutenant in the reserve in Reims and studying for a year at the Munich Commercial College, married the daughter of the meat manufacturer and royal and ducal butcher Wilhelm Pfähler in Stuttgart in 1919, who was studying Opera singer who had previously attended boarding school in Le Rosey near Geneva. After Annemie (1920), who died at an infant age, she gave birth to Rolfdieter (1921) and Jürgen Olaf (1923; called Billa), who achieved great successes at international tournaments in southern Germany until 1939 as show jumpers who were compulsorily subordinate to the Reiter-SS ( see YouTube, HMG-TV).
Karl married the innkeeper Lina, who was born in Saulgau and who had completed her apprenticeship at the Schloßgarten Hotel in Stuttgart and who became the owner of the 'Rose Ratsstube' in Tailfingen. Alfred married Lisa Müller, the entrepreneur's daughter from Tailfing, who gave birth to Hans-Peter (1920–1944; presumably) and Elisabeth-Lola (1925–1937). Both Hakenmüller brothers later invested their profits in companies based in the state capital (including as the main shareholder of Julius Geiger GmbH, today's Trumpf-Maschinen AG in Ditzingen), but founded them together in Tailfingen at today's Hechinger Straße 76 in 1921 the jersey factory Hakenmüller-Company (Haco) .
In 1916, the company's founder gave his two eldest sons Julius and Paul procuration . Because of an incurable diphtheria , Johannes Hakenmüller arranged his fortune and on December 1, 1916 founded a foundation in his name with a share capital of 50,000 gold marks (950,000 euros based on today's monetary value; see, inter alia, City Council Protocol, Tailfingen, May 16, 1917 ; Stadtarchiv Albstadt-Ebingen) and applied for the honorary title of commercial councilor . 30,000 marks were earmarked for the social needs of employees in his factory, 10,000 marks for church poor relief in Tailfingen and a further 10,000 marks - as the foundation deed says - “for general welfare purposes of the community of Tailfingen and its relatives and for the promotion of charitable enterprises”. The Tailfingen municipal council was responsible for overseeing this foundation. Stadtschultheiß Hufnagel wrote to the founder on January 28, 1917: “I am also particularly pleased that you were the first to agree to set up such a foundation & thus your name forever to the indelible gratitude of the community & its members in the history of the To have inserted church ”.
In fact, employees were paid out with real 10 Euro gold marks (wages for 14 days of work, today's value approx. 163 Euro), like Martha Hipp from Tailfingen, who was employed as a seamstress in 1915 at the age of 14
A little later, on February 25, 1917, Johannes Hakenmüller was awarded the Wilhelm Cross by King Wilhelm II of Württemberg "in recognition of his great services to the general public ." A particular concern of the founder of the foundation was that the social standard of his employees who had left the war, as well as the population of Tailfingen, was preserved, which first of all benefited the citizens returning from the First World War and the Red Cross.
He had the money for this not only since the beginning of the First World War in 1914 through clever sales of men's underwear to the state military command in Ludwigsburg, but also before that, in contrast to his Tailfinger competitors, by selling his textiles exclusively in Germany and thereby trading preferred with Jewish department stores.
The weakness of the company lay mainly in the legal form of a general partnership (oHG) that it had chosen . As a result, after his death, not only his two eldest sons, who were appointed authorized signatories, but also the two younger ones were able to withdraw working capital as part of their inheritance, which resulted in difficult negotiations with one another and ended in halving the capital.
As a "staunch patriot" - as Pastor Scheuerlen called him at his funeral - Hakenmüller had to watch the consequences of the patriotic German nationalist politics for his immediate environment, for example when ten of his employees died at the front in the First World War. The deeply believing company founder had this attitude - whose main reading, according to Scheuerlen, was the Bible, v. a. on the Sunday after going to church - misjudged. For the inauguration of the Pauluskirche in Tailfingen, Johannes Hakenmüller donated a glass window with the motif of the risen Savior on the level of the gallery.
Since the World Exhibition of 1900 in Paris and the II. Modern Summer Olympic Games, which were held there at the same time , Hakenmüller had recognized the importance of not only health wear , but also of functional underwear for sporting and leisure-time exercises, which is why he worked in his textile factory alongside normal shirts and skin jackets also had sports shirts developed and produced, which he proudly noted in his company's letterhead as the first textile manufacturer in Tailfingen in 1904. Christian Schöller's textile factory, which was founded in 1872 and is also located on Hechinger Strasse in Tailfingen, claimed in its commemorative publication to mark its 80th anniversary "since 1896, it has produced an unusually large number of sports shirts with unplaced collars" and: "The company applied to them Article as authoritative. ”By then, the original production facility on the corner of Goethestrasse and Lange Strasse had developed into a property in neo-classical style with a postcard-ready front garden, which Johannes Hakenmüller had planned through an extension in the so-called Heimatstil planned by first Balinger, then Tailfinger foreman Carl Heinz quadrupled. One by one, Hakenmüller had bought up all the surrounding houses between Lange Strasse, Hechinger Strasse, Kronenstrasse and Jägerstrasse and had some of them demolished.
Above all, he benefited from the fact that there used to be a spring in the garden behind his newly built house on Goethestrasse, whose water power had previously driven an oil mill there. He finally had a steam boiler house built over this water reservoir in 1910 to put his own dye works and equipment into operation.
The yarn and paint buckets for this could no longer be brought in from the state train station in Ebingen with horse-drawn vehicles, which is why Hakenmüller, together with the management of Tailfinger Gewerbebank, which he co-founded in 1893 and which he ran for many years as a cashier, later called Tailfinger Volksbank on a cooperative basis, built a railway line from Ebingen via Truchtelfingen to Tailfingen (further to Onstmettingen). Since the inauguration of the Talgangbahn in 1901, the prerequisites for a quick replenishment of raw materials as well as the transport of the textile goods produced to almost all parts of the world were in place.
In 1896 he accelerated his production with his own steam engine (so-called locomobile ) and had his own company logo drawn, which boldly shows in a round circle the automatic connection of a thread ribbon, three latch needles and an electronic light coil with a thick toothed wheel.
The Mayor of Tailfingen, Hufnagel, emphasized at Johannes Hakenmüller's funeral on May 2nd, 1917: “If there is talk of big questions that have moved the community in the past, only water supply, stream correction and railway construction (...) must be mentioned to remember in recognition of the men who, in the time of the stormy prosperity of our community, were guided by great, far-sighted, pure thoughts and, correctly understanding the signs of the times, steered industry and the community into new, necessary paths, or when we Looking today with joy and pride at the development of our community and the beautiful state of the community institutions (...), among these excellent men, benefactors, citizenship representatives and citizenship leaders, the deceased was in the foreground. "
Given the fact built hooks Müller that in the nearly 10,000 inhabitants great place Tailfingen even with soon to the 50 textile manufacturing no further workforce longer found in 1910 at the Bodelschwingstraße in three kilometers away Onstmettingen canceled the historic farmhouse in Ried another Factory building (sold to Johannes Drescher in 1924), in which he mainly had underwear sewn.
In the obituary for the deceased at the age of 59, the Tailfinger Zeitung or its publisher Heinrich Weidle wrote on May 3, 1917: “(...) his passing has torn a painful void in the industry of our community and the whole country. He was one of the noblest and most capable citizens of the community, a man of honor from head to toe, one of the pioneers who helped the jersey industry and, through it, our community to today's great reputation and paved the way for our inhabitants to meritorious work and welfare. (...) The relationship between employer and employee was always the best imaginable, a very patriarchal one, which was particularly evident during the long war. The retired man and his family were constantly trying to alleviate the lot of the factory workers who had marched out and their families and to show their appreciation and help towards their employees and workers in later times as well. (...) As an enthusiastic patriot, he took an intimate interest in the fate of the world war and happily, albeit with a caring father's heart, let his sons move to the front or to serve in the homeland in the local garrisons. We would gladly have granted him the opportunity to see the solution of the bloody world dispute. (...) A sincere character, a gracious husband and father who ceaselessly cared for the well-being of his own, a man who even luck could not make high-spirited, who remained humble to the end. "
Individual evidence
- ↑ Communication from the Trikotagenindustrie specialist group of the knitting and knitting specialist group, main group VI of the German economy from December 1, 1937 to J. Hakenmüller in Tailfingen; Hasana Archive, Hechingen.
- ↑ according to the information given by his eldest son Julius on September 7, 1945 in the questionnaire distributed by the French military government, Balingen branch, about general information on the textile industry
- ^ Hermann Bitzer: Tailfinger Heimatbuch 1953 , pp. 339-340.
- ^ Doris Astrid Muth: The Jewish textile industry in Hechingen and Hohenzollern. In: Karl-Hermann Blickle, Heinz Högerle (Ed.): Jews in the textile industry. Horb 2013, pp. 47-55.
- ↑ 50th anniversary of Wilhelm Benger Soehne, Stuttgart, 1844-1894. Stuttgart 1894, p. 23.
- ^ Certificate in the Hasana archive, 72379 Hechingen
- ↑ cf. Letters with letterhead from the mechanical Tricotwaaren-Fabrik J. Hakenmüller with promissory note dated July 9, 1889 and April 15, 1891; Hasana Archive, Hechingen.
- ↑ cf. Volksbank Tailfingen eG (ed.): With people - for people. 100 years Volksbank Tailfingen. Albstadt-Tailfingen 1985, p. 53.
- ↑ cf. Letter from the textile manufacturer Karl Bitzer zur Rose, Tailfingen, of December 3, 1937 to Julius and Paul Hakenmüller on the 50th anniversary of J. Hakenmüller's company; Hasana Archive, Hechingen
- ^ See machine directory for the questionnaire of the mayor's office Tailfingen on behalf of the government of the French military zone, Tübingen, August 9, 1945; Hasana archive.
- ↑ cf. Letters from David Levy, Hechingen, December 1, 1937, from Emil Weil, December 2, 1937, to Julius and Paul Hakenmüller; Hasana Archive, Hechingen
- ↑ 50th anniversary of the J. Hakenmüller tricot factory in Tailfingen. In: Der Wille , No. 279 of December 1, 1937
- ^ Karl Bitzer, owner of the textile factory 'Karl Bitzer zur Rose', Tailfingen, in a letter dated December 3, 1937 on the 50th anniversary of J. Hakenmüller.
- ↑ cf. Communication from the German credit agency, Stuttgart, March 27, 1925; Hasana Archive, Hechingen
- ^ Letter from the City Schools Office Tailfingen dated January 26, 1917 in the Hasana archive, Hechingen
- ↑ A tomboy with a cheerful demeanor who has never been sick his entire life .... Your first wage was a ten-mark gold piece; In Zollernalbkurier, Tailfingen, January 7, 1992.
- ↑ Tailfinger Zeitung (Schmiecha-Bote), No. 70 of May 3, 1917.
- ↑ 80 years of Christian Schöller. Ceremony for the 80th anniversary 1871-1951. o. O. 1951, p. 78.
- ^ Words on the grave of Johannes Hakenmüller, manufacturer. Printed by J. Hornikel Nachf., O. O., o. J. (copy in the Hasana archive, Hechingen)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hakenmüller, Johannes |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German entrepreneur in the jersey industry |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 10, 1857 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Tailfingen |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 19, 1917 |
| Place of death | Tailfingen |