Johannes Plavius

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Johannes Plavius (* around 1600, † after 1630) was a Danzig poet and private scholar.

Life

The life dates of Plavius ​​are not known. It is very likely that he comes from Thuringia, as a "Johannes Plavius ​​Tyrigotanus" was enrolled at the Brandenburg University of Frankfurt in the winter semester of 1621 and Plavius ​​himself in some of his poems (for example in the Epithalamium for Augustin Clüppel from 1627) "M. Johannes Plavius ​​Nehusâ Thüringus ”, so“ Magister Johannes Plavius ​​from Neuhaus (?) In Thuringia ”. Since “Johannes Plauen” appears as the name, it has been derived from Plauen in Saxony .

From 1624 onwards, Plavius ​​became tangible with occasional poems about weddings ( epithalamies ), with which he apparently wooed patrons among the citizens of the city. In addition, he seems to have run a private Latin school or worked as a private teacher, as Michael Albinus said in his memoirs the “M. Johannes Plavii Institution ”mentioned. Among the Danzig Baroque poets, Plavius ​​was known to the astronomer Peter Crüger (1580–1639) and the rector Johann Georg Moeresius (1598–1657). Moeresius was the brother-in-law of Susanne Nuber , daughter of a Danzig pastor, to whom Plavius ​​dedicated a few poems. It is not known whether the pastor's daughter married.

He proved his status as a scholar through two Latin treatises. In 1628 Praecepta logicalia appeared , an introduction to Aristotelian logic. In 1629 the Institutio poetica compendiosissima followed , a brief poetic of rules in the style of Julius Caesar Scaliger . After 1630, the date of publication of his volume of poems, consisting of three parts with faithful poems (epithalamies), trawr = poems (funeral poems , i.e. poems for occasional deaths) and educational sundries , there is no evidence of Plavius' further life. The place and time of his death are also uncertain.

reception

The thin trace that Plavius ​​left behind is astonishing: Plavius ​​was well known among the poets of Danzig and beyond. In 1629 Johann Mochinger, from 1630 professor of rhetoric at the Danziger Gymnasium , made a letter to Martin Opitz , the poeta laureate of the Silesian school of poetry , who pointed out Plavius ​​as an "admirer and imitator".

Up until the middle of the 17th century it was praised, quoted and even imitated by numerous important German baroque poets. Georg Philipp Harsdörffer mentioned him several times in the women's room conversation games and printed one of his poems in a different form, and Andreas Tscherning mentions him in several places in his Unpredictable Bedencken - Andreas Gryphius , Ernst Christoph Homburg , and Wenzel Scherffer von Scherffenstein should also be mentioned and Philipp von Zesen - towards the end of the century, however, poets like Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer and Erdmann Neumeister began to distance themselves and make fun of Plavius' inclination to diminutive rhymes ("Röselein" and "Wängelein") and metrical freedoms. As a result, he was forgotten.

According to today's assessment, however, Plavius ​​is considered to be a technically well-versed lyric poet who was innovative through the renewal of ancient ode forms (his "German Sapphicum" is considered the first German Sapphic ode ), early use of the dactyl and the reception of contemporary Dutch poets. Above all, however, he contributed to the establishment of the sonnet as a serious strophic form through his cycle of Christian-Stoic teaching sonnets .

Lore

Apart from scattered prints of individual poems and quotations, the poetic work is only part of the three-part compilation of Treugepichte , published by Georg Rhete , the Gdansk council and grammar school publisher, in 1630. Trawr = poems. Teaching sonnet handed down. Of this, in turn, there are only two copies, none of which is complete. The so-called “Berlin copy”, which is now in the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow, is missing the first sheet of the “Treugedichte”, which presumably contained the preface and introduction by the poet as well as any dedicatory poems in addition to the overall title and title page of the Treugedichte. In addition to the Berlin copy, a copy of the teaching sonnets was found in the Latvian Academic Library ( Latvijas Akademiska biblioteka ) in Riga in 1996, which formed the third part of a collection, the first two parts of which are writings by the Riga poet and scholar Hermann Samson ( Hermannus Samsonius ; 1579– 1643) formed what suggests that the three parts of Plavius' work were published independently of each other, which is supported by the fact that only the teaching sonnets have a pagination (pages 1 to 104).

Works

  • Praecepta logicalia. Andreas Hünefeld, Danzig 1628.
  • Institutio poetica compendiosissima. Georg Rhete the Elder J., Danzig 1629.
  • Loyalty poems. Trawr = poems. Teaching sonnette. Georg Rhete the Elder J., Danzig 1630.
  • M. Johannis Plavii Sonnete. Latvian Academic Library, Riga (Rara Department), sign. H4 (R 2098) (3).
  • Appendix two spiked weight weights, from Mr. M. Johannis Plavii Poematibus. Georg Baumann, Breslau 1640.
  • Poems of mourning and loyalty. In: Heinz Kindermann (ed.): Danzig Baroque poetry. Reclam, Leipzig 1939.

literature

  • Achim Aurnhammer : Baroque poetry from the spirit of humanism: The sonnets of Johannes Plavius. In: Sabine Beckmann, Klaus Garber (ed.): Cultural history of Prussia, royal Polish share in the early modern period. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2005, ISBN 3-484-36603-6 , pp. 801-826.
  • Achim Aurnhammer: Plavius, Johannes. In: Killy literary dictionary - authors and works of the German-speaking cultural area. Vol. 9. De Gruyter, Berlin & New York 2010.
  • Victor Manheimer: Johannes Plavius, a Danzig sonettist. In: Communications of the West Prussian History Association. Vol. 2 (1903). Danzig 1903, pp. 69-71.
  • Lambert Peter Sartor: Johannes Plavius, and his Danzig edition of poems from 1630. Dissertation, Königsberg 1920.
  • Dick van Stekelenburg: Michael Albinus 'Dantiscanus' (1610–1653), a case study on the Danzig literary baroque. Amsterdam 1988.
  • Max von Waldberg :  Plavius, Johannes . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 26, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, p. 268 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Van Stekelenburg: Michael Albinus 'Dantiscanus' (1610-1653). Amsterdam 1988, p. 54.
  2. ^ Van Stekelenburg: Michael Albinus 'Dantiscanus' (1610-1653). Amsterdam 1988, p. 50.
  3. ↑ Andreas Tscherning: Unpredictable reservations about a number of abuses in the German art of writing and language, especially the noble poetry ... Lübeck 1659, pp. 55, 81, 515.
  4. ↑ Sacer: Useful memories because of the German poetry. Stettin 1661, S: 16f.
  5. ^ Neumeister: Specimen Dissertationis Historico-Criticae De Poëtis Germanicis hujus seculi praecipuis. Hall 1695.
  6. ↑ Achim Aurnhammer: Article Plavius, Johannes. In: Killy Literature Lexicon. Vol. 9. Berlin & New York 2010.
  7. ^ Berlin State Library , Sign. Yi 401
  8. ↑ See Victor Manheimer : Die Lyrik des Andreas Gryphius. Studies and materials. Weidmann, Berlin 1904, p. 128, note 1, section 3.
personal data
SURNAME Plavius, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Plavius, Johann; Plauen, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German poet
DATE OF BIRTH around 1600
DATE OF DEATH after 1630