Johanneum (Dorf Tirol)
The Johanneum was an episcopal student konvikt in Bozen , Meran and Dorf Tirol , which existed from 1840 to 2001 and since 1856 was called Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer Johanneum after its founder .
Concerned about the weak young priests in the German-speaking parts of the Diocese of Trento , von Tschiderer, as Prince-Bishop of Trento, founded the later Johanneum in Bolzano as an episcopal student convict with the aim of promoting spiritual professions. The facility existed for 161 years until it was dissolved on June 30, 2001.
history
The history of the Johanneum can be divided into three periods:
Convicts in Bozen and Merano 1840–1928
The abolition of the seminaries of Trento and the Philosophical-Theological University of Brixen , the turmoil of the French Revolution and Bavarian rule in Tyrol led to a sharp decrease in the number of new priests, especially in the German part of the Diocese of Trento. This prompted the Archbishop of Trento, Johannes Nepomuk von Tschiderer, to collect students from poor families and suitable for the priesthood in a convict in Bozen.
In 1840 the first 12 pupils moved in and from there attended the Franciscan high school . The number of students increased from year to year. In 1855 a new building was built near the Teutonic Order Church , which was inaugurated in 1856 under the name "Collegium Johanneum". At the beginning of the 1870s the institution got into a crisis because the government in Vienna took over the grammar school from the Franciscans and they could now only run a four-year lower grammar school.
However, the city of Meran managed to keep the Benedictines at the full grammar school. For this reason, Johannes Haller , then Auxiliary Bishop of Trento and later Archbishop and Cardinal of Salzburg , also founded a prince-bishop's Johanneum in Merano. The high school students of the Bozener Johanneum moved to the Johanneum of Meran in 1878 and attended the Benedictine grammar school there . The Johanneum, with its two convicts in Bozen and Meran, experienced its first heyday until the beginning of the First World War , which brought difficult times of deprivation with it. Even worse times came under the fascist rule of Benito Mussolini , in which the ban on German schools in 1928 brought the end of both convicts.
Konvikt and school in Dorf Tirol 1928–1997
Prince-Bishop Celestino Endrici von Trient, whose concern was to train priests who could speak the language of the faithful, decided, despite the fascist ban in the German part of the Diocese of Trento, to set up a German-speaking seminary, with a convict and a purely ecclesiastical private school. This was made possible by the Lateran Treaty . As a “small seminar” it was intended to prepare children and young people for the path of the diocesan priest. For this purpose, the St. Fidelis House of the Seraphic Liebeswerk in Tirolo near Merano, which was also about to be dissolved due to fascist pressure, was leased in 1928 and training began.
The Seraphische Liebeswerk , the children's aid organization of the Capuchins , was founded by the Bavarian Capuchin Father Cyprian Fröhlich (1853–1931) to support needy and orphaned children. In 1908, the Capuchins acquired the “Lindenhof” in Dorf Tirol and built the “St. Fidelishaus ”as the first children's home of the seraphic love work in the still common Tyrol. It was built by the builders Musch & Lun in the style of late historicism.
The St. Fidelis House became the Johanneum Dorf Tirol. 1943-1945 classes had to be interrupted because it served as an emergency reserve hospital. In 1949, the building was fully owned by the Archdiocese of Trento. In the course of the reorganization of the dioceses of Brixen and Trento in 1964, the Johanneum came to the diocese of Bozen-Brixen , which now had to administer two similar institutions: the Johanneum in Tirolo and the Vincentinum in Brixen .
The seminar was conducted in the sense of the Tridentine seminars with the primary goal of theological training in seclusion in close connection with scientific training with pastoral-practical on the one hand and ascetic training on the other. The motto: “ Serva ordinem et ordo servabit te ” (German: “Serve order and order will serve you”). The home and school management were subordinate to a single director. This home order, which has been maintained for decades, experienced an important change in the early 1960s due to the effects of the second Vatican and the division of school and home management, but also through the upheavals in society and the emergence of the new media, e.g. B. television, which led to a review of the home regulations, which resulted in 1979 in the new educational guidelines for the boys' seminars Johanneum and Vinzentinum. At the same time, the school also experienced a significant change through the gradual adjustment to the state guidelines, which was completed with full state recognition in 1968. The changes were also reflected in the various conversions and additions: a professors' wing, a gym, a sports field with a soccer field, a new dining room, the church was redesigned, the theater hall modernized and restored. The division of the rooms and rooms was repeatedly changed and adapted. Increasing mobility was also taken into account by building garages.
The Johanneum had the highest number of pupils in the school year 1968/69, when 206 pupils visited the home and school.
In addition to school and religious activities, extracurricular fields of activity such as literature, theater, music and sport developed in the Johanneum. Lessons were given in piano and organ playing, there was a piano in every classroom and an organ in the church. Literary competitions were held, and one tried to publish a school newspaper. Theatrical performances were attended by altar boys across the country. Musical performances were given by the boys' choir, the in-house music band, but also the small house band with electric guitar, drums, harmonium and singing, which mainly performed at Eucharistic celebrations in the home, but also in the churches of the surrounding parishes ("jazz masses"). The sporting activity reached its climax with the annual competitions: athletics, volleyball, basketball and football championships were organized in the home.
The staff of the Johanneum Dorf Tirol consisted mainly of the Venerable Sisters of the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy (from the Holy Cross, mother house Ingenbohl / Switzerland, 1928–31, and from Saint Vincent von Paul, mother house Zams / Tyrol, from 1931).
On March 7, 1997, the diocesan instructions decided to close the church, state-approved private school (middle and high school) with the school year 1996/97 due to the shrinking number of pupils, due to the traffic-wise unfavorable location for learner drivers and the social trend towards no longer having children entrusting to a home, but also due to financial problems as a result of the decline in student numbers.
Konvikt in Dorf Tirol 1997–2001
_Haupteingang.jpg)
After the schools closed, the Johanneum remained as an episcopal boys' seminar, the middle school students attended the state school in the house (middle school Dorf Tirol), the high school students various schools in Merano. But the declining number of students year after year prompted the diocesan instructions to close the Johanneum Dorf Tirol as a home on June 30, 2001.
The decline and the final closure of the school and the home could not be stopped by the "Johanniter Association" founded in 1978 by former students with the aim of maintaining the school and the home, despite considerable efforts and after exploring all legal possibilities for financial support .
Since July 2011
After the buildings had been unused and without any maintenance for a period of 10 years, construction work began in 2011 to transform the existing building into a privately owned residential home for senior citizens, to whom the property was sold in 2009. However, the construction work stopped after a while. For years the building has been left to decay, the so-called “Professorenhaus” has been gutted and is in ruins. The community, as Mayor Erich Ratschiller reports in a news program on the SDF (Südtiroler Digital Fernsehen), has no way of influencing the project (as of 2018).
literature
- Johann Kollmann: Life pictures of the deceased spiritual professors and board members at the Johanneum Tirol 1928 to 2001 with brief information on those who are still alive. 1st edition. A. Weger, Brixen 2012, ISBN 978-88-6563-066-2 .
- Anton Gallmetzer (Ed.): Johanneum, The story of a small seminar . edition dive flights, Bozen 2001, ISBN 3-900949-40-9 .
- Johann Kollmann (Red.): Festschrift 50 Years of the Episcopal Seminar Johanneum in Dorf Tirol 1928–1978 . Edited by the Johanneum. 1979.
- Festschrift 40 years of Johanneum in Dorf Tirol 1928–1968 . In: The Sciliar . Vol. 42, 1968, No. 10.
- Christian Moroder: Theater chronicle of the Johanneum in Tirolo, 1953–1979 . Handwriting.
- Angelika Pedron: The libraries of the Vincentium and Johanneum. Provincial publishing house, Brixen 2015, ISBN 978-88-99444-01-3 .
Web links
- Entry in the monument browser on the website of the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ekkart Sauser: Endrici, Cölestin. ( Memento from June 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Lexikon. (on: bautz.de )
- ^ Website of the Capuchin Foundation Liebeswerk.
- ↑ Capuchin Province of North Tyrol. on: geschichte-tirol.com
- ^ The Johanneum in Tirolo. SDF, accessed June 7, 2018 .
Coordinates: 46 ° 41 ′ 36.2 ″ N , 11 ° 9 ′ 39.3 ″ E