John Marshall (archaeologist)
Sir John Hubert Marshall (born March 19, 1876 in Chester , Cheshire, England, † August 17, 1958 in Guildford , Surrey) was a British archaeologist and first explorer of the Indus culture .
biography
Marshall attended Dulwich College and studied at King's College , Cambridge. After excavations in Knossos and other places on Crete (1898-1901) he was appointed director of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1902; he held this position until his retirement in 1931.
His first great achievement was the discovery of the inscription on the Heliodorus column (1908/9). From 1913 he was engaged in excavation work in Taxila and in the Buddhist centers of Sanchi and Sarnath for more than 20 years .
In the 1920s, he directed the excavations that led to the discovery of Harappa (1921) and Mohenjo-Daro (1922), the two largest cities of the previously unknown Indus civilization.
Marshall was the first archaeologist to enable Indians to participate in the archaeological study of their own history. In 1910 he was named Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE); five years later (1915) he was of George V to the Knights defeated. Since 1928 he was a full member of the German Archaeological Institute , since 1936 a member of the British Academy .
Publications (selection)
- Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization. 3 volumes (1931)
- The Monuments of Sanchi. 3 volumes (1939)
- Taxila (1951)
- The Buddhist Art of Gandhara: the Story of the Early School, Its Birth, Growth and Decline (1960)
Web links
- Entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica (Eng.)
- Literature by and about John Marshall (archaeologist) in the WorldCat bibliographic database
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Marshall, John |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Marshall, Sir John Hubert (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | British archaeologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 19, 1876 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Chester , Cheshire, England |
| DATE OF DEATH | 17th August 1958 |
| Place of death | Guildford , Surrey |