Josef Dominik Karl Brugger

Josef Dominik Karl Brugger , also Josef Dominik Carl Brugger (born October 23, 1796 in Freiburg im Breisgau ; † May 11, 1865 in Heidelberg ) was a German teacher , German Catholic priest and language protector.

Life

From 1815 Brugger studied natural sciences , medicine and theology at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg . During his studies in 1818 he became a member of the old Freiburg fraternity . From 1821 he attended the seminary in Meersburg and was ordained a priest there in 1824. In the same year he received a teaching position at the Freiburg grammar school . 1828 doctorate he attended the University of Freiburg to the Dr. theol. For health reasons Brugger had to resign from teaching in 1836 and in the same year took over a parish in Kadelburg . At that time Brugger made several trips within Europe. In 1845 he was transferred to the Heidelberg-Rohrbach parish .

In April 1846, Brugger left the Roman Catholic Church and joined German Catholicism . On May 21, the German Catholic community in Heidelberg elected him their preacher; on July 9th he was introduced to his office by Wilhelm Hieronymi . He stayed here until his death, although he received honorable appointments to other churches. He also advocated the German Catholic movement through lectures and publications.

Act as a language critic

Brugger has been committed to the creation of a pure German language since at least 1829, the year of publication of his work Instructions for Self-Education, or Basic Features for Refining Character and Refining Behavior. In 1844 he published an article in numerous magazines in which he called for the fight against foreign words and at the same time made suggestions for cleaning up the German language . "What is striking about this appeal is the strong hypostatization of the German as a sanctuary and the special nationalistic tone". Brugger "understands the use of foreign words as a sign of a lack of national pride and the commitment to a foreign word-free German as politically necessary."

In his writings Das Fremdwortwesen and his disadvantages for German language, disposition and German life (1844) and The archetype of German pure language (1847), Brugger called for the strict non-use of words of foreign origin in public. He also included loanwords that have long been naturalized : For example, he called for the replacement of 'police' with 'violent egg', 'pill' with 'drug pellets', 'academic' with 'highly scientific' or 'doctor' with 'knowledge master'. However, none of his numerous replacement proposals were accepted, which is probably related to the fact that Brugger was "not at all qualified for language research or language maintenance". His foreign dictionary , published in 1855, was not a success for the German people either.

In 1848 Brugger founded the association for the promotion of German pure language , which existed until his death in 1865, and the associated association magazine Die deutsche Eiche. First magazine to promote the German spirit, German morals and pure German language . In 1848, on behalf of the association, he submitted an application to the German National Assembly in Frankfurt for an official ban on foreign words. However, this request was not negotiated.

In his devaluation of all foreign and loan words, Brugger uses "the crude puristic vocabulary" and speaks of "foreigners, foreign attachments, parasitic plants, extermination, abuse, dishonorable distortion". His radical views on the 'eradication' of all foreign and loan words are exclusively nationalistically motivated. His foreign word purism was so extreme that the influential Allgemeine Deutscher Sprachverein , founded in 1885, believed it had to distance itself from him.

Publications

• 1829 Instructions for self-education, or basic traits for refining one's character and refining one's behavior . Freiburg: Wagner.
• 1830 evening sounds in VI chants with piano or guitar accompaniment . Self-published.
• 1831 Memories from Italy from 1830 . Freiburg: Wagner.
• 1831 Spirit of the ancient sages of Greece and Rome, or religious, state and life views, sayings and moral rules of the most famous Greeks and Romans. With coppers after Bartholomeo Pinelli . Augsburg: locksmith.
• 1932 The most important and useful inventions and discoveries in trades, crafts, arts and sciences. From the beginning of history to the present day . Freiburg: Wagner.
• 1833 Christ our salvation! A prayer and edification book for Catholic Christians . Freiburg: Wagner.
• 1834 stories and character paintings of famous people from all five parts of the world . Freiburg: Wagner.
• 1835 Baden's donor temple. Or an alphabetical collection of all Catholic, Protestant and Israelite foundations that were made known from the beginning of the Grand Ducal Government of Baden until the end of July 1834 with the permission of the sovereign . Freiburg: Wagner.
• 1835 People's Bible for Catholic Christians. Or biblical instruction and edification book in which the views and sayings of the holy scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, both about the whole doctrine of faith and ethics, as well as about the most important matters and conditions of life, with practical comments, are contained in alphabetical order . Freiburg: Wagner.
• 1836 Instructions for singing lessons for elementary schools. Introduced by the Catholic school board of the capital Freiburg . Freiburg: Wagner.
• 1840 harp tones from a lonely man's hut on the Rhine . Freiburg: Wagner.
• 1844 The foreign language system and its disadvantages for the German language, attitude and German life. A memorial book for Germans who love fatherland . Stuttgart: Franckh.
• 1847 Christianity in the spirit of the nineteenth century. Lectures and prayers given in the German Catholic parishes of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Frankfurt, Worms, Constance, Stockach and Hüfingen. A gift for German Catholics and their friends . Heidelberg: Wilhelm Hoffmeister.
• 1847 The archetype of pure German language. Represented from the history, nature and spirit of our language; along with a foreign dictionary . Heidelberg: Groos.
• 1850 biography of Dr. Brugger, German Catholic clergy of the Heidelberg community. Written by himself . Self-published.
• 1854 From the spring of my life . Poems. Heidelberg: Bangel & Schmitt.
• 1855 Foreign dictionary for the German people. With 14,000 foreign words . Heidelberg: Bangel and Schmitt.
• 1859 views of the world and time . Heidelberg: Bangel and Schmitt.
• 1862 German Catholicism in its development. Depicted in the history of the German Catholic community in Heidelberg; according to documented sources and with official documents . 2 volumes. Heidelberg.
• 1862 History of the establishment and development of the Association of German Pure Language . Heidelberg: Mohr.
• 1863 spirit, soul, matter . Heidelberg: Mohr.

literature

• Baden biographies. Vol. 1. Heidelberg 1875, p. 135f ( digitized version ).
• Euphorion. Journal of the History of Literature . Volume 16/1909. Biographical information on Brugger on p. 615.
• Willi Gorzny (Ed.) (2003). German Biographical General Register . Volume 4: Boob - Bunsen . Pullach in the Isar Valley: Gorzny.
• Alan Kirkness: On language cleaning in German 1789–1871. A historical documentation . Volume 2. Narr, Tübingen 1975, Chapter 25, pp. 313-342.
• Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 1: A-E. Winter, Heidelberg 1996, ISBN 3-8253-0339-X , p. 146.

Web links

• Works by and about Josef Dominik Karl Brugger  in the German Digital Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Anke Heier: German foreign word lexicography between 1800 and 2007. For the metalinguistic and lexicographical treatment of external loan property in language contact dictionaries of German . De Gruyter, Berlin & Boston 2012, p. 181.
2. ↑ Alan Kirkness: On language cleaning in German 1789–1871. A historical documentation . Volume 2. Narr, Tübingen 1975, p. 341.
3. ↑ Alan Kirkness: On language cleaning in German 1789–1871. A historical documentation . Volume 2. Narr, Tübingen 1975, p. 337.
4. ↑ Peter von Polenz: German language history from the late Middle Ages to the present . Volume III 19th and 20th centuries. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1999, p. 267.
5. ↑ Anke Heier: German foreign word lexicography between 1800 and 2007. For the metalinguistic and lexicographical treatment of external loan property in language contact dictionaries of German . De Gruyter, Berlin & Boston 2012, p. 182.
6. ↑ Anja Stukenbrock: Language nationalism: language reflection as a medium of collective identity creation in Germany (1617–1945) . De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, p. 244.