Joseph Sweetman Ames
Joseph Sweetman Ames (born July 3, 1864 in Manchester , Vermont , † June 24, 1943 in Baltimore , Maryland ) was an American physicist , founding member of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and University President .
Life
Ames studied physics from 1883 at the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) in Baltimore, founded in 1876 . During a long study trip to Europe, he worked, among other places, in Hermann von Helmholtz's laboratory in Berlin . In the summer of 1887 he returned to Johns Hopkins University. In 1889, as a doctoral student of Henry Augustus Rowland, he published a widely acclaimed work on optical gratings , especially the so-called Rowland gratings. In 1890 he received his doctorate with a thesis on spectral analysis , in 1891 he became an associate professor and in 1899 a full professor at JHU. After Rowland's death in 1901, he became director of the physics laboratory. While teaching at JHU, he wrote several highly regarded physics textbooks. With his work on spectral analysis, he was an early representative of experimental astrophysics. After becoming Dean in 1925 and Provost at JHU in 1926 , he succeeded Frank Johnson Goodnow as President of the University in 1929 .
In 1915 he was one of the twelve founding members of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and headed the Foreign Service Committee of the newly formed National Research Council during the First World War from 1916 . After the end of the First World War he had various functions in the NACA, he was from 1919 to 1936 chairman of the executive committee and from 1927 head of the main committee (Main Committee). In this role he accepted the Collier Trophy for the NACA in 1929 . He promoted the basic physical research of the NACA specifically on aerodynamics. In view of the rearmament in Germany after 1933 in the field of aviation, he campaigned for an expansion of the research capacities of the NACA. After a stroke in 1936, he gave up his functions in the NACA.
Since 1905 Ames was an elected member of the American Philosophical Society . In 1909 he was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences and in 1911 of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . From 1919 to 1920 he was the successor to Henry A. Bumstead President of the American Physical Society .
Honors
In 1944 a research laboratory of the NACA was named after Joseph S. Ames. It was named Ames Aeronautical Laboratory. In 1958 it became part of NASA and has been called the Ames Research Center since then .
literature
- Henry Crew : Joseph Sweetman Ames, 1864-1943 . Ed .: National Academy of Sciences (= National Academy Biographical Memoirs . Volume 23 ). 1944, p. 181-201 .
- Glenn E. Bugos: Atmosphere of Freedom: Sixty Years at the NASA Ames Research Center (= NASA History Series ). NASA History Office, Washington, DC 2000, ISBN 0-9645537-2-4 , Appendix: Joseph Sweetman Ames, p. 260-267 .
Web links
- Joseph Sweetman Ames. Short biography at the Ames Research Center
- MC Bitter: Joseph Ames. NASA, July 25, 2014, accessed April 16, 2018 (English, short biography).
- Joseph Sweetman Ames in the Find a Grave database . Retrieved April 25, 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ JS Ames: The concave grating in theory and practice . In: Philosophical Magazine . tape 27 , no. 168 , 1889, pp. 369-384 , doi : 10.1080 / 14786448908628372 .
- ↑ Joseph Sweetman Ames in the Mathematics Genealogy Project (English)
- ↑ Book of Members 1780 – present, Chapter A. (PDF; 945 kB) In: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org). Retrieved April 16, 2018 .
- ^ History of Ames Research Center. NASA, accessed April 16, 2018 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ames, Joseph Sweetman |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ames, Joseph S. |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American physicist, founding member of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and University President |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 3, 1864 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Manchester , Vermont |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 24, 1943 |
| Place of death | Baltimore , Maryland |