Jost Liebmann

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Joel or Jost Liebmann (also Jehuda or Juda Berlin ; born around 1639 in Halberstadt ; died January 30, 1702 in Berlin ) was a German protective Jew and court factor at the court of Brandenburg and in the Kingdom of Prussia .

Life

His father was Elieser Liepmann, a merchant in Göttingen , his mother Merle. In 1660 Liebmann moved from Halberstadt, presumably his place of birth, to Hamburg to learn the jewelery trade with Chaim Hameln ( † 1689). There he met his wife, Glückel von Hameln , and her niece, a daughter of the rabbi of Hildesheim , Malke Goldschmidt, whom he married. In 1664 he opened a trading house with Chaim in Hanover, which was closed at a great loss, as Glückel reports (III, 2). From 1668, however, he delivered jewels to the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg and the Prince Elector as court jeweler, which had been exempted from the Leibzoll since 1684 . After the death of his wife he went with a letter of protection dated January 30, 1677 via Hildesheim to Berlin, where the widow of the church founder and court factor Israel Aaron, Esther Schulthoff , married and soon took his position as court Jew and thus supplier and lender of the court. The successor Friedrich III. (later Friedrich I of Prussia ) confirmed these privileges in 1688. He used the court's need for luxury for his business. For the coronation in Königsberg in 1701 he procured the crown for the queen worth 300,000 Reichstalers, most of whose stones he took back after the celebration and thus only billed 8,000 Thalers. In 1694 he was granted the privilege of being the first Jew to legally equate his trading books with those of Christian merchants, which among other things made it easier for him to collect debts. His customers also included the farms of Anhalt-Dessau , Hessen-Homburg and Holstein . He pushed the competitor and relative of his first wife, Moses Benjamin Wulff , to Dessau .

His second wife Esther (the " Liebmännin ") and both sons Isaak (married to Merle Wertheimer, died 1711) and Jost (1678–1747) were involved in the management. In 1700 Esther received permission to mint 2000 fine mark silver in six-penny pieces for delivered jewels (1701), whereby the strike treasure should have been around 50%.

Jost Liebmann was the first in Berlin's Jewish community to be granted the right to run a private synagogue , the Liebmannsche Schule named after him (replaced by the Old Synagogue in 1714 against Esther's resistance ). In 1684 he achieved that services could only be held there; the Jews expelled and immigrated from Vienna in 1671 had to close their synagogue. He founded a large training house and appointed his nephew and son-in-law Aaron Benjamin Wolf (d. 1721) as its director, who became rabbi of Berlin in 1709 (from 1714 in Frankfurt / Oder ). His father and Jost's brother was Isaak Benjamin Wolf, who had been Chief Rabbi of Brandenburg since 1685, with his seat in Landsberg ad W. Jost's son Abraham Liebmann (d. 1730; with Malke as mother) became a rabbi in Halberstadt. His daughter Hindschen married into the Bar (Beer) Hertz family in Frankfurt (Oder) .

At his death his fortune was about 100,000 Reichstaler (number according to Glückel). After the Austrian court factors Oppenheimer and Wertheimer and his cousins Leffmann Behrens and Behrend Lehmann, he was one of the richest Jews in the empire.

Descendants

Isaac's great-grandson and grandson, Wolf Liebmann, founded the luxurious Western Synagogue in Westminster in 1760 . The descendants include the wife of the Berlin entrepreneur Liepmann Meyer Wulff (1745–1812), his daughter and salonière Amalie Beer (1767–1854) and their sons, the well-known composer Giacomo Meyerbeer and the railway pioneer and astronomer Wilhelm Beer (1797–1864) . After converting to Christianity, some took on the shortened name Liman (cf. the family of General Otto Liman von Sanders ). One of the later descendants is the former director of the Jewish Museum Berlin , former US Treasury Secretary W. Michael Blumenthal .

literature

Web links

portrait

Single receipts

  1. ^ Tomb for Shmuel ben Josef SeGaL Hameln (Samuel Hameln) Jewish Cemetery Hildesheim, Juedischer Friedhof Teichstrasse . In: epidat . ( steinheim-institut.de [accessed on March 20, 2020]).
  2. ↑ Rudolf Hallo: History of the Hallo family: 350 years from the life of a German family of court Jews and craftsmen, shown in the files . Private printing [from Kasseler buchdruckerei u. stempelfabrik gmbh], 1930 ( google.de [accessed on March 20, 2020]).
  3. ↑ AARON BEN BENJAMIN WOLF - JewishEncyclopedia.com. Retrieved March 19, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Liebmann, Jost
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Liebmann, Joel; Berlin, Judah
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German protective Jew and court factor at the court of Brandenburg
DATE OF BIRTH around 1639
PLACE OF BIRTH Halberstadt
DATE OF DEATH January 30, 1702
Place of death Berlin