Jozef Tischner

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Józef Tischner (born March 12, 1931 in Stary Sącz (southern Poland), † June 28, 2000 in Krakow ) was a philosopher and Catholic priest .

Life

Tischner's grave in Łopuszna

Józef Tischner came from a Goralen family and grew up in the village of Łopuszna in Tatravorland in southern Poland . From 1950 he studied theology ( ordained priest in 1955) and philosophy in Cracow . Tischner received his doctorate in 1963 with Roman Ingarden , a Husserl student, and completed his habilitation in Warsaw in 1974 . In October 1980 he preached at a famous mass on the Kraków Wawel for the assembled leadership of the opposition Solidarność union. In the 1990s, Tischner accompanied the rebuilding of Polish democracy with his statements. For several years, Tischner, who kept his center of life as a philosophy professor in Krakow, was President of the Vienna Institute for Human Sciences . In September 1999 he was awarded the highest state honor in Poland, the White Eagle .

Effects

By Roman Ingarden Tischner was with the methods and views of the phenomenological movement familiar. So it is not surprising that Tischner received his doctorate with a thesis on "The transcendental self in Edmund Husserl's philosophy ". As a phenomenologist , Tischner had to oppose both the state-decreed Marxism-Leninism and the Thomism , which dominates church teaching, with his own original draft, which can be seen in books such as “The Impossible Dialog. Christianity and Marxism in Poland ”or“ The Fall of Thomistic Christianity ”. Tischner later also distinguished his philosophy from the phenomenologists Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger , to whom he z. B. accused of understanding human relationships only intentionally and not dialogically. Under the influence of the philosophy of dialogue and as a professor at the Cracow Theater School, Tischner developed a philosophy of human drama that is characterized by a special sensitivity for the recognition and humiliation of human dignity. This approach was taken up by Zvi Lothane , an American psychiatrist of Polish-Jewish origin and made fruitful in the introduction of dramatology for psychoanalysis and psychotherapy.

The "Ethics of Solidarity" arose from the sermons and essays that Tischner wrote in the spirit of optimism of the Solidarność protests before the declaration of war in December 1981. With the texts formulated in a simple yet philosophically profound language, Józef Tischner became a Solidarność philosopher who opposed the prevailing Marxist-Leninist ideology on an intellectual level with an ethically responsible interpretation of the world. He thus inspired and interpreted the non-violent and open dialogue attitude of Solidarność, which rubbed off on the 1989 democracy movements in the formerly socialist states.

Tischner is remembered by the Polish public as a contentious and original intellectual. His "History of Philosophy in Goral", written with a twinkle in his eye, achieved z. B. as a book and play great popularity. A scholarship program bears his name today, as does a Krakow university.

Fonts

The following were published in German:

  • Ethics of solidarity. Principles of a Hope, Graz 1982. Polish original: Etyka solidarności i Homo sovieticus, Paris 1982.
  • The human drama, Munich 1989. Polish original: Filozofia dramatu, 1986.
  • The dispute over the existence of man, Berlin 2010. Polish original: Spór o istnienie człowieka, Kraków 1998.

References

  1. ^ Zvi (Henry) Lothane : Dramatology in everyday life, in diseases and in analytical therapy. Another contribution to interpersonal psychoanalysis , in: texte. psychoanalysis. aesthetics. Kulturkritik., German-language version, issue 3/2010, 30th vol. Passagen Verlag Wien, pp. 96–128, and other titles.
  2. ^ It is about the Józef Tischner Fellowships for Polish and Polish-American Scholars at the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna. In: IWM. January 1, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2019 (American English).

literature

  • Gerl-Falkovitz, Hanna-Barbara u. a. (Ed.): Europe and its others. Emmanuel Lévinas - Edith Stein - Józef Tischner. Dresden 2010.
  • Hagedorn, Ludger u. a. (Ed.): Drama of responsibility / Dramat Odpowiedzialności. Romano Guardini and Józef Tischner , bilingual German-Polish edition, Kraków / Berlin 2013.
  • Sperfeld, Enrico: work as conversation. Józef Tischner's Ethics of Solidarność. Freiburg / Basel 2012.
  • Thinking in values. The Tischner Institute Journal of Philosophy, Krakow (English-language annual since 2009).

Web links

Commons : Józef Tischner  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Tischner, Józef
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish philosopher and Catholic priest
DATE OF BIRTH March 12, 1931
PLACE OF BIRTH Stary Sącz , Poland
DATE OF DEATH June 28, 2000
Place of death Krakow , Poland