Juan del Encina

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Modern bust in honor of Juan de Fermoselle, later Juan del Encina in León

Juan de Fermoselle , later Juan del Encina (born July 12, 1468 in Fermoselle , † 1529 in León ), was one of the most important Spanish composers , poets and dramatists of the early Renaissance .

Life

His actual place of birth is unclear, some historians relocate him to Fermoselle (today in the province of Zamora ), others to one of the municipalities in the province of Salamanca that have the Spanish word "Encina" for holm oak in their name, such as the places Encina de San Silvestre or La Encina . He was one of seven children of Juan de Fermoselle, a shoemaker , and his wife. He was the brother of Diego de Fermoselle , a university professor of music, and the priest Miguel de Fermoselle. Juan del Encina came from a family of later forcibly baptized Spanish Jews who, due to the Alhambra Edict, either had to leave the Spanish kingdom , more precisely all territories of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon, on July 31, 1492, or had converted to Christianity by then had to (see also History of the Jews in Spain ).

He studied at the University of Salamanca law and under the guidance of the later grammarian Antonio de Nebrija rhetoric and Latin . But even with the music, del Encina employed in Salamanca, he joined in 1484 in the church choir of the Cathedral of Salamanca one. At that time, between 1485 and 1498, this choir was directed by Fernando de Torrijos . After Torrijos' death, Encina initially sought the position of choirmaster , but then gave up his project and left Spain to go to Italy.

In 1492 he entered the service of the second Duke of Alba , Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo , at whose court he was henceforth responsible for the organization of celebrations and for the writing of musical pieces. From 1500 he lived in Rome , where he enjoyed the favor of several popes , including Alexander VI. , Julius II. And Leo X. Juan del Encina traveled several times from Rome to Spain between 1510 and 1519, to finally settle in León, where he also died. In 1534 his remains were transferred to Salamanca Cathedral, where they remain to this day.

Title page of his Cancionero de Juan del Encina

Works (selection)

Dramas

  • Aucto del repelón
  • Égloga de Cristino y Febea
  • Égloga de Fileno, Zambardo y Cardonio
  • Égloga de las grandes lluvias
  • Égloga de Mingo, Gil y Pascuala
  • Égloga de Plácida y Vitoriano (1513)
  • Égloga representada en la mesma noche de Navidad
  • Égloga representada en la noche de la Natividad
  • Égloga representada en la noche postrera de Carnal
  • Égloga representada en requesta de unos amores
  • Égloga representada la mesma noche de Antruejo
  • Representación a la santíssima Resurrección de Cristo
  • Representación de la Passión y muerte de Nuestro Redentor
  • Representación sobre el poder del Amor .
Title page of the Égloga de Plácida y Vitoriano ( 1513 ).

Poetry

  • Cancionero de Juan del Encina: Primera Edición, Salamanca, 1496; Seville, 1501; Burgos, 1505; Salamanca, 1507; Zaragoza, 1512; Zaragoza, 1516, etc .; reimpresión facsímil de la primera, Madrid, Real Academia Española, 1989. Contiene:
    • Arte de poesía castellana
    • Paráfrasis de las Églogas de Virgilio
    • Poesías religiosas y devotas
    • Poemas alegóricos :
      • El triunfo de la Fama
      • El triunfo del Amor
      • Tragedia trovada a la dolorosa muerte del príncipe don Juan
    • Poesías de amores y de burlas
    • Glosas y villancicos
    • Representaciones dramáticas , incluidas en el apartado de teatro.

Web links

Commons : Juan del Encina  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Nicolas Slonimsky (Ed.): Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians seventh edition. Collier Macmillan Publishers, London 1984 p. 662
  2. ↑ Isabel Pope, Tess Knighton: Encina, Juan del. In Stanley Sadie (Ed.): The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd edition. V8. Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York City 2001, p. 194
  3. ↑ signed by Isabella I and Ferdinand II on March 31, 1492; also known as the Decreto de la Alhambra or Edicto de Granada ( Hebrew גירוש ספרד Gerush Sfarad )
  4. ^ Norman Roth, Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain . The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1995, pp. 157, 176-178.
  5. ↑ Egloga de Placida y Vitoriano . Full text on cervantesvirtual.com . Retrieved March 2, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Encina, Juan del
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Juan de Fermoselle
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish composer, poet of the early Renaissance
DATE OF BIRTH July 12, 1468
PLACE OF BIRTH Fermoselle
DATE OF DEATH 1529
Place of death Leon