Milbertshofen Jewish camp

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The memorial for the Milbertshofen Jewish Camp, inaugurated in 1982

The Milbertshofen Jewish camp (called "Milbertshofen Judensiedlung" in official Nazi parlance) was a work or assembly camp for Jews in Munich between 1941 and 1942 .

time of the nationalsocialism

As everywhere in Germany, the 9,000 or so Jewish citizens in Munich were exposed to increasing discrimination after the National Socialists “came to power ”. By 1938, around 3,500 Jews had been forced to emigrate, and after the November pogrom in 1938 another 1,000 Jewish men were deported to the Dachau concentration camp .

From March 17, 1941, south of the corner of Knorrstrasse , was built in the Milbertshofen district of Munich . / Troppauer Str. A barracks camp on a 14,500 m² property. This had to be built by Jewish forced laborers without payment , the 18 wooden barracks were former SA accommodation from Oberach (today part of Rottach-Egern ). By October 11, 1941, 412 men and 38 women were deported to the Milbertshofen camp as forced laborers . The peak occupancy of the barracks designed for 1,100 people was 1,376 people. As a result of the forced relocation to Milbertshofen and the assembly camp in Berg am Laim , around 1,500 apartments in Munich had become vacant, which were given primarily to "deserving party members". The Jews living in the camp were used as forced laborers in various Munich companies. The inmates themselves were responsible for the administration of the camp; Curt-Mezger-Platz in Milbertshofen was dedicated to the last head of the camp, Curt Mezger .

The camp, operated by the Munich NSDAP regional leadership, served mainly as a transit camp for deportations to the Piaski , Theresienstadt and Auschwitz concentration and extermination camps . The first train transport of 1000 prisoners started on November 20, 1941 from the nearby Milbertshofen freight station to the occupied Lithuanian Kovno / Kaunas, where the people were murdered just a few days later. The camp was abandoned on August 19, 1942, and by then almost all of the prisoners had been "evacuated" to the east for murder (according to the official Nazi euphemism ). The last prisoners were transferred to the assembly camp in Berg am Laim . The warehouse was then sold to BMW AG , which housed Italian foreign workers in the barracks.

post war period

After the end of the Second World War it was used by the Red Cross as a refugee camp. After that, it was initially forgotten, the site has been completely converted into an industrial park since the 1980s . On October 30, 1980, at a meeting of the district committee, an application was made to put up a memorial plaque. By Robert Lippl finally a sculpture was created which, at the d Troppauer Str./Ecke Knorrstr.. H. at the northern end of the former camp complex, and was inaugurated on November 15, 1982 by Georg Kronawitter .

The approximately three meter high bronze sculpture is reminiscent of both a dead tree and a menorah . The inscription is engraved in the “trunk”

"For many Jewish citizens, the ordeal of suffering in the extermination camps began in 1941/43 with their admission to the Munich assembly camp here at Knorrstrasse 148."

In the course of the expansion of the U2 underground line and the Am Hart underground station , the sculpture was temporarily moved to the new Israelite cemetery in 1988.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Figures from www.alemannia-judaica.de .
  2. ^ Pfoertner: Mahnmale, p. 50.
  3. ^ Number according to Pfoertner: Mahnmale, p. 52.
  4. ↑ Culture and History Path. Retrieved May 11, 2020 .
  5. ↑ So at muenchen.de .
  6. ↑ http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Direktorium/Stadtarchiv/Publikationen/Von-Allach-bis-Zamilapark/Einleitung-Geschichte/Bezirk11.html
  7. ↑ Gabriel Rosenfeld names “Alois Lippl” as the artist, probably a confusion with Alois Johannes Lippl . Rosenfeld: Munich and Memory, p. 294.

literature

  • Maximilian Strnad: Intermediate station “Judensiedlung”: persecution and deportation of the Jewish people of Munich 1941–1945 . In: Studies on Jewish history and culture in Bavaria . No. 4 . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-59136-1 .
  • Sabine Brantl: Thematic History Path. Places of remembrance and remembrance. National Socialism in Munich . Published by the City of Munich, Munich 2010.
  • Helga Pfoertner: Living with history. Memorials, memorials, places of remembrance for the victims of National Socialism in Munich 1933-1945 . Volume 2: I to P . Literareon im Utz-Verlag, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-8316-1025-8 .
  • Gavriel David Rosenfeld: Munich and Memory. Architecture, Monuments, and the Legacy of the Third Reich . University of California Press, Berkeley CA et al. 2000, ISBN 0-520-21910-4 , ( Weimar and now 22).
  • City Archives Munich (ed.): "... moved, unknown where". The first deportation of Munich Jews in November 1941. Pendo Verlag, Zurich et al. 2000, ISBN 3-85842-394-7 .

Coordinates: 48 ° 11 ′ 42 ″  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 24 ″  E