Julián de Saracóndegui

Julián de Zaracóndegui also Saracóndegui (* 1810 , † September 10, 1878 in Lima ) was a Peruvian businessman and politician. He invested in the export of guano from 1859 in the production and export of cotton and sugar . In 1859 he was appointed mayor of Lima and in 1864 he was minister of finance .

Career

He was a member of the Lima Public Charity Society and a member of the Chamber of Deputies. De Zaracondegui was a capital owner who was an entrepreneur at the beginning of industrialization in Peru. During the Spanish Empire, capital was accumulated in Europe while the colonized areas were systematically decapitalized. In 1849 he appears as a representative of Peru in the railway construction projects in Peru: "la empresa de los ferrocarriles de Lima al Callao y Chorrillos" and "En el norte del departamento de Lima, el ferrocarril Lima-Ancón-Chancay".

Sugar cane and cotton

The business models for the introduction of the cultivation of cotton and sugar cane in Peru in the second half of the 19th century were a kind of franchising . Settler families from the Basque Country and coolies (day laborers) from China signed work contracts . In 1859, Manuel Salcedo applied for an import permit for 1,000 farmers into his estate in Talambo. Upon receipt, 269 Basques came to Callao , of whom 95 were men, 49 women and 125 children. At the end of the 1850s, Julián de Zaracondegui was involved in the cotton and sugar cane business. On the developing world market there was international demand for these products, which as a result of the war of civil secession , the southern states fell out as producers.

With Ramón Aspíllaga, he acquired the Hacienda Cayaltí with almost 4,000 hectares in the valley of the Río Zaña in the Lambayeque region (northern Peru). Cayaltí was producing sugar on a large scale around 1870 and its owners decided to build a modern sugar mill with machinery from England. In contrast to the Cayaltí boom, other Zaracondegui companies were losing deals, so their sugar company partners had taken out a $ 338,700 mortgage. Zaracondegui received this sum and transferred his part of the hacienda to Aspíllaga.

politics

In 1858 he was elected mayor of Lima together with Miguel Pardo as deputy mayor. Both did not take office and were represented by José Rojas from November 22 to 24, 1858 and from November 29 to December 24, 1858. Rojas was replaced on December 24, 1858 due to illness by Colonel Estanislao Correa y Garay, councilor of the municipality.

From August 11 to September 5, 1864 he was Minister of Finance under President Juan Antonio Pezet in the Council of Ministers, chaired by Manuel Costas Arce. He resigned following articles published by José María Químper in the opposition newspaper El Perú .

guano

In 1872 he sat on the board of directors of the nitrate company La Esperanza in the province of Tarapaca. In Lima, Julio de Zaracondegui had his office on Calle de Bodegones. He stood out from the guano traders such as Templeman Bergmann & Co, Graham Rowe & Co or Pietro Denegri, because in 1860 his Casa Zaracondegui received the concession to sell guano to the United States, which Antony Gibbs & Sons also applied for. The 1861 to 1865 following the Civil War made this concession even more lucrative. In 1869 he was one of the founders of the Banco de Lima and whose first president he was in 1871.

March 1869 Banco de Lima

In March 1869, when the Banco de Lima was founded, Zaracondegui was part of the group of capitalists who enabled this company to start its activities in January 1870. The bank's capital was USD. 3,200,000 which increased to $ in January 1873. 5,000,000. He expanded his activities with an agency in Callao. The directors of the Banco de Lima were Manual Argumaniz, Juan Renner, Enrique Witt, Valentín Gil, Juan de Ugarte, Francisco Sagastabeytia, Juan de Dios Calderón, Gustavo Heudebert, Manuel Ortiz de Villate, José Muro and José Amancio Castillo. Federico Lembeck and Julián de Zaracondegui took over the management.

1874 bankruptcy

Liabilities of $ 2,546,171 were offset by assets of $ 1,141,060.

In the bankruptcy followed:

• Compañía Marítima Juan Ugarte, antiguo chinero
• Marrou y Cía.
• la Sociedad López Hurtado

"Aquella quiebra fué muy sonada, porque comprometió el bienestar de muchas familias de Lima."

"This bankruptcy was very crashing because it put the welfare of many families in Lima at risk."

- Ricardo Palma reflected the insolvency in his Tradición ("tradition") of the "María Abascal"

These cases that created a scandal for a presumptuous village of Lima.

The entry in the death register of the parish of San Sebastián (Book 17, Folio 6) names "inflammation of the lungs and pneumonia" as the cause of death. In Lima, suicide was also the cause of death.

literature

• Carlos Milla Batres: Enciclopedia biográfica e histórica del Perú: siglos XIX – XX . Editorial Milla Batres, Lima, Peru 1994, ISBN 958-9413-00-5 , p. 253 ( books.google.de - restricted view).
• Jorge Basadre: Historia de la República del Perú. 1822-1933. 8th edition, corregida y aumentada. Volume 4. Editada for the Diario La República de Lima y la Universidad "Ricardo Palma". Impreso en Santiago de Chile, 1998, p. 1038.
• Juan Luis Orrego: La República Oligárquica (1850-1950). In: Historia del Perú. Lexus Editores, Lima 2000, ISBN 9972-625-35-4 .
• Rubén Vargas Ugarte: Historia General del Perú. In: Carlos Milla Batres (ed.): La República (1844–1879). Volume 9, 2nd edition. Lima, Peru 1984. Depósito legal: B. 22436-84 (IX), p. 104.
• Pedro N. Vidaurre: Relación cronológica de los alcaldes que han presidido el ayuntamiento de Lima desde su fundación hasta nuestros días… Solis, 1889, 109 pp.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ulrich Muecke (Ed.): The Diary of Heinrich Witt . Brill, Leiden 2015, ISBN 978-90-04-30724-7 , pp. 371 ( books.google.de ). ;
   Alberto Regal, Alberto Regal Matienzo: Historia de los ferrocarriles de Lima . Editorial Jurídica, 1965, p. 44 ( books.google.de - restricted view).
2. ^ WS Bell: An Essay on the Peruvian Cotton Industry, 1825-1920. P. 14 1985.
3. ↑ Ed. José de la Puente Brunke, José de la Puente Candamo, El Perú desde la intimidad, books.google.de
4. ↑ El Comercio on May 24, 1874. after Carlos Camprubí Alcázar in Historia de los bancos en el Perú (1860–1879), Lima, 1957, p. 212.
5. ↑ Al final, quedaban como negociantes contumaces en el tráfico marítimo, Canevaro y Juan Ugarte Pedro Paz Soldán, escribe los siguientes versos: No hay donde al chino no lo halles, desde el "Los Chineros" en la Historia Peruana 205.
6. ↑ María Abascal
7. ↑ Estas caídas, que para una Lima aldeana y presuntuosa significaron todo un escándalo. In: El Comercio of May 27 and June 15 and 16, 1874

predecessor	Office	successor
Ignacio Novoa	Mayor of the City of Lima 1859–1860	Felipe Barriga Álvarez
Francisco González de Prada	Peruvian Minister of Finance August 11 to September 5, 1864	Estanislao Correa y Garay