Juniperus macrocarpa
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Juniperus macrocarpa in Langeri on the Greek island of Paros |
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| Juniperus macrocarpa | ||||||||||||
| Sm. |
Juniperus macrocarpa is a plant species , which for genus juniper from the family of cypress family belongs (Cupressaceae). It occurs in the Mediterranean and around the Black Sea and bears, among other things, the common German name large-fruited juniper .
description
Juniperus macrocarpa grows as an evergreen tree with a height of up to 14 meters. The trunk bark, which is peeling off in strips, is brownish red. The branches stand upright. The needle-shaped leaves are 12 to 20 millimeters long and 2 to 2.5 millimeters wide in whorls in threes. The adaxial upper side has two distinct stomatal ligaments; the abaxial underside is keeled.
Juniperus macrocarpa is dioecious separately sexed ( diocesan ). The pollen flight takes place in winter. When ripe, the purple-red, 12 to 18 millimeter long seed cones are berry-like and spherical. They mature in two years and usually carry three seeds per cone.
Occurrence
The habitat of Juniperus macrocarpa extends along the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts in northwest Africa, southern and eastern Europe and Asia Minor. The distribution is given as reaching from southern Portugal east to Cyprus or with Bulgaria , Ukraine and Turkey .
Systematics
Juniperus macrocarpa was described in 1816 by James Edward Smith on the basis of the documents of John Sibthorp, who died in 1796, in the work Florae Graecae Prodromus , a forerunner of the main work Flora Graeca . This species is known in most other sources as the subspecies Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa ( Sm. ) Ball treated. Robert P. Adams recognizes the species status and places this juniper species in a geographical group of the "junipers of Europe, the Canary Islands, the Azores, Asia Minor and Africa". It is assigned to the subgenus or section Juniperus within the genus Juniperus . As synonyms are besides other Juniperus lobelii Guss. Link , Juniperus biasolettii , Juniperus umbilicata Godr. , Juniperus willkommii Antoine , Juniperus sphaerocarpa Antoine and Juniperus major Dioscorides ex Bubani .
Hazards and protective measures
Juniperus macrocarpa is widespread in the Mediterranean coastal regions and does not appear to be endangered. With the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive No. 92/43 / EEC in the updated version of January 1, 2007 of the European Union (FFH-RL) Appendix 1, protected area designations are required for habitat types to which Juniperus macrocarpa also belongs.
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literature
- Robert P. Adams: Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus . 2nd Edition. Trafford Publishing Co., Vancouver 2008, ISBN 978-1-4251-6880-3 , pp. 84 and 213-214 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Christopher J. Earle: Juniperus oxycedrus. In: The Gymnosperm Database. January 14, 2011, accessed on February 19, 2011 ( Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. Macrocarpa ).
- ^ GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. Taxon: Juniperus macrocarpa Sm. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area, accessed February 20, 2011 .
- ^ John Sibthorp, James Edward Smith: Florae Graecae Prodromus . tape 2 . Richard Taylor, London 1816, p. 263 ( digitized at Biodiversity Heritage Library).
- ↑ Council Directive 92/43 / EEC of May 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 . Annex I, pp. 17, 19. In: OJ. L 206, July 22, 1992, p. 7.
Web links
- RPAdams: The Juniperus of the World / Taxa of Juniperus. with Juniperus macrocarpa . Retrieved February 19, 2011 .