Yuri Sergeevich Rytcheu

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Yuri Rytkheu (often to illustrate the correct pronunciation Yuri Rytchëu written Russian : Юрий Сергеевич Рытхэу , scientific transliteration. Jurij Sergeevič Rytchėu , Chukchi Рытгэв, Rytgèv * 8. March 1930 in Uelen , Chukotka , Russian Far East , † May 14 2008 in Saint Petersburg , Russia ) was a Russian- and Chukchi- speaking writer.

Life and work

The Chukchi Yuri Sergeyevich Rytcheu - he was the son of a hunter - first went to the regional capital Anadyr , where he worked for the newspaper “Sovetskaya Chukotka”. In 1949 he began his university studies in Leningrad , where he a. a. Translated works by Pushkin and other Russian classics into the Chukchi language. In 1953 his first anthology was published under the title “Ljudi naschego berega” (“People from our shore”). With "Tschukotskaja Saga" ("Чукотская сага" / Chukchi saga) his first novel was published in 1956. Numerous other works followed by the end of the 1980s. Rytcheu lived temporarily in Saint Petersburg, but mostly in Anadyr.

Rytcheu was the only representative of the so-called national literatures of the indigenous peoples of the Russian north who had managed to achieve a certain level of recognition internationally, while most of the other indigenous writers, such as Tschuner Taksami, Vladimir Sangi, Jeremej Aipin or Juwan Schestalow today largely have been forgotten. Rytcheu's novels have been translated into several languages ​​and some have been made into films. The German translations of his novels have been published by the Zürcher Unionsverlag .

Literary work

Before perestroika

Until perestroika , Rytcheu, like most representatives of the state-sponsored “national literatures”, was characterized primarily by extensive loyalty to the regime and ideological reliability. The subject of his works from the 1970s, which are strongly influenced by socialist realism , mostly depicts the “long journey” of the indigenous peoples of the north from “backwardness” into Soviet civilization. They therefore belong to a genre that essentially was demanded and promoted by the Soviet state.

His works were primarily intended to demonstrate the progress that the hunters, fishermen and reindeer nomads of the Arctic would have achieved thanks to the leadership of the Communist Party. The Chukchi and Eskimo heroes who appear in his books demonstrate Soviet patriotism by participating in the protection of their homeland against the Americans portrayed as violent, cursing and raping. Shamans are often portrayed as American agents in this context.

Since perestroika

In the 1980s the tone of his works changed, initially with Rytcheu elevating the figure of the shaman to a positive figure and daring to put the word “civilization” in quotation marks for the first time, and later, during and after perestroika - like many other national writers too - openly criticized him, for example by accusing the indigenous peoples of being treated as "silent genocide".

Works (selection)

  • Ljudi našego berega, 1953 ( People from our shore , 1954)
  • Imja čeloveka, 1955
  • ( Eng . Old Memyl laughs best (stories), 1955)
  • Čukotskaja saga, 1956
  • Vremja tajanija snegov, 1958–67 (German Farewell to the Gods , 1960)
  • Proščanie s bogami, 1961
  • V doline malen'kich zajčikov, 1962
  • Nunivak, 1963
  • Volšebnaja ruklavica, 1963
  • Ajvangu, 1964
  • Samye krasivye korabli, 1967
  • Vėkėt i Agnes (German Weket and Agnes , 1975)
  • Povelitel 'vetrov, 1968 (German Lord of the Winds , 1979)
  • Son v načale tumana, 1968 (German dream in the polar nebula , 1991)
  • Inej na poroge, 1971 (German polar fire , 2007)
  • Metatel'nica garpuna, 1973
  • Belye snega, 1975
  • Konec večnoj merzloty, 1975
  • Kak iskali Polyarnyj krug, 1977 (German Joo is looking for the polar circle , 1981)
  • Sovremennye legendy, 1980
  • Kogda kity uchodjat ( when the whales move away )
  • Teryky
  • Irvytgyr
  • Magičeskie čisla, 1986 (Eng. The search for the last number , 1997)
  • Ostrov nadeždy, 1987
  • Intercontinental'ny most, 1987
  • Čukotskij anekdot, 2002 (German Gold of the Tundra 2006)
  • Moržovye zuby (Dorožny leksikon), 2008 (German alphabet of my life , 2010)
  • Biblija po čukotskij, ili poslednij šaman Uelana
    • German edition: The last shaman. The Chukchi saga. Translated from the Russian by Antje Leetz. Unionsverlag, Zurich 2004, ISBN 3-293-00299-4 .
  • Unna (German Unna 2005)
  • Lunnyj p'es (Eng. The moon dog , novella. 2005)
  • Anna Odincova (German The Journey of Anna Odinzowa , 2002)
  • V zerkale zabvenija (Eng. In the mirror of forgetting , 1999)
  • Account ubil doktora? (Eng. Under the constellation of grief , 1997)
  • Nepodvišnoe solnce (Eng. The woman at the lake , 2011)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Yuri Slezkine : Arctic Mirrors. Russia and the Small Peoples of the North. Cornell University Press 1994. ISBN 0-8014-2976-5 Yuri Slezkine subjects et al. a. Rytcheu, but also many other representatives of the so-called national literature of a critical and exciting analysis.
  2. ↑ Ю. Рытхэу: Современные Легенды. Ленинград (Советский писатель) 1980
personal data
SURNAME Rytcheu, Yuri Sergeyevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rytchėu, Jurij Sergeevič
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chukchi writer
DATE OF BIRTH March 8, 1930
PLACE OF BIRTH Uelen
DATE OF DEATH May 14, 2008
Place of death St. Petersburg