Cabinet Mark
The government-in-exile of the Republic of Estonia under Prime Minister Heinrich Mark ("Kabinett Mark") was in office from May 8, 1971 to March 1, 1990. According to official counts, it was the 32nd government of the Republic of Estonia since independence was declared in 1918 and the fourth Estonian Government in exile after the occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union . She stayed in office for 6,874 days.
Government formation
On December 23, 1970, the incumbent Estonian head of state, Aleksander Warma, died in exile in Stockholm . According to Article 46 of the Estonian Constitution of 1938, the office was taken over by the current Prime Minister, Tõnis Kint (1896–1991) on the same day .
On May 8, 1971, Kint appointed Heinrich Mark (1911-2004), head of the State Chancellery of the government-in-exile, who had been in office since 1953 , as the new Executive Minister-President. Mark formed a cabinet that same day.
Cabinet members
| Department | Surname | Term of office |
|---|---|---|
| Executive Prime Minister in exile | Heinrich Mark | May 8, 1971 to March 1, 1990 |
| Executive Prime Minister in exile | Enno Penno | March 1, 1990 to June 20, 1990 |
| Interior Minister in exile | Aksel Mark | May 8, 1971 to June 20, 1990 |
| Minister in exile | Renate Kaasik | May 8, 1971 to June 20, 1990 |
| Minister in exile | Verner Hans Puurand | April 3, 1973 to August 24, 1977 |
| Minister of Economics in exile | Arvo Horm | May 8, 1971 to June 24, 1977 |
| Minister of Economics in exile | Verner Hans Puurand | August 24, 1977 to June 12, 1983 |
| Minister of Social Affairs in exile | Heino Valvur | May 8, 1971 to June 20, 1990 |
| Minister of Education in exile | Edgar Saks | May 8, 1971 to April 11, 1984 |
| Minister of Education in exile | Johan Ungerson | June 5, 1985 to June 20, 1990 |
| Minister in exile | Ants Pallop | April 25, 1973 to June 20, 1990 |
| Minister in exile | Arvo Horm | August 24, 1977 to June 20, 1990 |
| Foreign Minister in Exile | August Koern | May 8, 1971 to June 13, 1982 |
| Minister in exile | Jaan Tiimusk | April 3, 1973 to June 20, 1990 |
| Minister of Agriculture in exile | Elmar Järvesoo | May 8, 1971 to June 20, 1990 |
| Minister in exile | Olev Olesk | March 17, 1986 to June 20, 1990 |
| Minister of Justice in exile | August Kärsna | May 8, 1971 to February 8, 1987 |
| Transport minister in exile | Juhan Käis | May 5, 1971 to November 12, 1984 |
| Transport minister in exile | Mihkel Mathiesen | June 5, 1985 - June 20, 1990 |
| Finance Minister in exile | Ervin Jüri Nõmmera | August 28, 1977 to June 20, 1990 |
| Minister in exile | Ivar Paljak | June 5, 1985 to June 20, 1990 |
| Minister of War in exile | Avdy Andresson | April 3, 1973 to March 1, 1990 |
| Minister of War in exile | Heinrich Mark | March 1, 1990 to June 20, 1990 |
End of the cabinet
On March 1, 1990, Heinrich Mark succeeded the 93-year-old Tõnis Kint as the exiled President of the Republic of Estonia. Enno Penno (* 1930) took over the office of Prime Minister . On June 20, 1990, Penno formed a new cabinet in exile .
Political activity
1970s
The activity of the Estonian government-in-exile with its official seat in Oslo was largely symbolic in order to maintain the state continuity of the Republic of Estonia after the Soviet occupation of the country in 1940/44.
The process of détente between East and West in the 1970s put the Estonian government-in-exile in a difficult position. Even if most of the western states still did not recognize the Soviet annexation of the Baltic states under international law ( Hoover-Stimson Doctrine ), the Helsinki Final Act of 1975 brought with it the acceptance of the status quo in Europe and an obligation not to interfere in the internal affairs of other states . This could not be in the interests of the Estonian government in exile, which wanted to keep the question of regaining independence for the Baltic states on the international agenda.
1980s
The government in exile had little influence on the political developments within the Estonian SSR in the second half of the 1980s, which were characterized by glasnost and perestroika . In particular, the bourgeois national opposition movement in Estonia, known as the “Popular Front” ( Rahvarinne ), which ultimately led the country to free elections and independence from the Soviet Union, had little influence on the government-in-exile.
See also
Web links
- Government (Estonian State Chancellery)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated November 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ With effect from November 14, 1975, the government-in-exile appointed Andresson at the same time as formal commander-in-chief of the (admittedly nonexistent) Estonian armed forces
Presidents in exile: Jüri Uluots (1940–1945) | August Rei (1945–1963) | Aleksander Warma (1963-1970) | Tõnis Kint (1970–1990) | Heinrich Mark (1990-1992)
Cabinets of Exile: Tief (1944–1953) | Sikkar (1953-1960) | Warma (1962-1963) | Kint (1964-1971) | Mark (1971–1990) | Penno (1990-1992)