Calendar mountain
| Calendar mountain | ||
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 View from the Mödling ruins in north direction to the calendar mountain |
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| height | 332 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Lower Austria , Austria | |
| Mountains | Vienna Woods | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 5 '25 " N , 16 ° 16' 15" E | |
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The calendar mountain is a mountain on the eastern edge of the Vienna Woods in Lower Austria and has a height of 332 m above sea level. A. The mountain is located in the municipal areas of the city of Mödling and the market town of Maria Enzersdorf . It is located in the Föhrenberge Nature Park .
In its function as an excursion area in the south of Vienna, both the flora and fauna as well as the numerous buildings and artificial ruins are striking, which come from Johann I Joseph von Liechtenstein and formerly part of the Liechtenstein Landscape Park , Austria's first English landscape park, which extended to Sparbach . were. The most striking building is Liechtenstein Castle on the northern edge. To the south, the Kalenderberg is bounded by the Klausen and the Mödlingbach , with the slope falling steeply.
designation
The actual origin of the name is not known and can only be assumed. Colloquially, the mountain had different names. In Mödling, for example, it was called Kirchenberg , as the Othmarkirche is located on the south-eastern edge . In Maria Enzersdorf it used to be called Schlossberg and is still known simply as Liechtenstein . He was also called Kalkberg .
The most likely version is assumed that the mountain was only afforested under Prince Liechtenstein and was originally called the Kahlländerberg . In 1839, just a few years after the afforestation, the current name was the common name.
An explanation of the name from the invented Celtic root † kal- , which is supposed to mean “mother's womb”, which is attributable to the “Celtic fascination” (quote from Birkhan ) is propagated by the Mödlinger local historian Hans Steiner, but flatly rejected by the etymologists.
buildings
- Liechtenstein Castle
- Liechtenstein Castle
- Black Tower: On the foundations of an old guard house, the three-storey tower was built by Johann I von Liechtenstein in 1809 according to plans by Joseph Hardtmuth , which is still inhabited today.
- Eye glasses: a wall with two pointed arched window openings, built around 1807.
- Amphitheater: built in 1810/11 as a Roman ruin with 16 arches with massive pillars, combined with Doric columns.
- Pfefferbüchsel: The Johannes or pilgrims chapel had the shape of a roof like a spice jar and was therefore called a pepper bush . It was destroyed in 1848 and never rebuilt. The remains were redeveloped in 2018. The ceremonial presentation of the renovated facility took place in October 2018.
nature
The plateau-like mountain consists mainly of the main dolomite of the Upper Triassic with dry and nutrient-poor calcareous soil ( Rendzina ), which only has a thin layer of humus. The main tree species is the black pine , which gives the nature park its name. You can find whitebeams and rock pears in shrub form .
Towards the north the soil of the mountain becomes more fertile and you will find mixed forest with corresponding undergrowth.
Archaeological importance
Digs
The first reading findings were made in 1892 by Franz Skribany (1865–1938). The writer and historian Gustav Calliano (1853–1930) also mentions finds of flint stones , pottery shards and spindle whorls in 1894 .
In 1901 the calendar mountain was examined by members of the Anthropological Society on the occasion of the opening of the Mödlinger Museum .
The first reports of excavation activities date from 1902. Systematic excavations were carried out from 1908 onwards by F. Skribany, who also published his finds. From 1909 onwards, extensive excavations were carried out on Katzensteig under the direction of Josef Szombathy (1853–1943) and later by Georg Kyrle (1887–1937).
After the end of these excavations, they were not resumed until 1932. Skribany dug until his death in 1938.
From 1970 to 1972, Herbert Melichar carried out new excavations, during which wall sections were made, which showed that these are walls that were built by people. Melichar also suspected traces of settlement on the Turnerwiese.
In 2002 Christian Stradal wrote his latest work on the calendar mountain with the title The Hallstatt Ceramics from the Calendar Mountain near Mödling .
Calendar mountain culture
According to the sites of discovery, sites that are classified in this epoch were assigned to the calendar mountain culture. For Oswald Menghin , the finds gave this culture its name. He described the ceramic finds such as the Mondidol from the calendar mountain as extremely magnificent and equipped with particularly extravagant shapes .
Even Louis Nebelsick dealt with these excavations, trying to develop a Kalenderberg chronology. However, this research was never published.
literature
- Prehistoric ceramics on the calendar mountain near Mödling , in the yearbook for antiquity, 1912
- Christian Stradal: The Hallstatt ceramics from the calendar mountain near Mödling. Diploma thesis GEKU Faculty University of Vienna, 2002.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ the castle. In: Liechtenstein Castle. 2019, accessed September 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Hans Steiner: Föhrenberge. Mysterious walks through culture and history. Vienna / Klosterneuburg, 2006, p. 114.
- ↑ Helmut Birkhan : Nachantike Keltenrezeption. Praesens Verlag, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-7069-0541-1 , p. 738.
- ^ Johanna Hoblik: Pfefferbüchsel am Liechtenstein renovated . In: NÖN . October 21, 2018 ( noen.at [accessed October 28, 2018]).
- ^ Benno Plöchinger : The results of the geological survey of the Anninger area (Lower Austria). In: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute , Volume 122, 1979, p. 432. Online (PDF 4.3 MB)