Comb-shaped club mushroom
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Comb-shaped club mushroom ( Clavulina coralloides ) |
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| ( L .: Fr. ) J.Schröt. |
The comb-shaped club mushroom ( Clavulina coralloides , syn .: Clavulina cristata , Ramaria cristata ) is a type of mushroom from the family of club mushroom relatives (Clavulinaceae). He is often called comb-shaped coral , comb-shaped coral fungus or comb coral called. The tips of the coral-like, branched, whitish fruiting bodies are split open like a comb. The fruiting bodies appear between August and November in the deciduous and coniferous forest. The mushroom is considered inedible to conditionally edible.
features
Macroscopic features
The coral-like branched 2–6 cm, rarely up to 8 cm high and about as wide, are pure white or creamy white when young and often turn slightly grayish later. There are also specimens that have a flesh-colored sheen. The upper ends of the branches are typically split up like a comb or broken up several times into small tips and teeth. The whitish flesh is soft and fragile. It does not change color even when pressed. It only smells faintly and tastes mild or slightly bitter. The spore powder is white.
Microscopic features
The almost spherical to elliptical spores are 7–9 µm long and 6–8 µm wide and usually contain a large drop of oil. They are smooth, translucent ( hyaline ), thin-walled and both inamyloid and acyanophilic , which means that they cannot be stained with either iodine reagents or cotton blue. The cylindrical to narrowly clubbed basidia have two pores. The spores sit on strongly inwardly curved sterigms . Buckles are present, though few, while cystids are absent.
Species delimitation
The gray club mushroom ( Clavulina cinerea ) can look very similar and can hardly be distinguished under the microscope. Therefore, the species is viewed by some authors only as a variety or a mere form. Many fruiting bodies can be clearly distinguished by their appearance, but there are always intermediate forms that cannot be clearly assigned to one of the two species. Normally, the fruiting bodies of the comb-shaped club mushroom are whitish to almost white, at least when young, and later pale gray, gray-yellow or cream to flesh-colored. In addition, the tips of the branches are more or less broadly pressed and split in a comb shape and the branches are smooth.
The fruiting bodies of the gray club mushroom appear stronger and have clearly gray-colored branches, which can be divided, but are less comb-like spread. The wrinkled club mushroom ( Clavulina rugosa ) is more reminiscent of a club mushroom, as it consists of individually standing fruit bodies that are only indicated in the upper part and branched out. As the name suggests, the fruit bodies are clearly wrinkled.
ecology
The comb-shaped coral fungus forms ectomycorrhiza with deciduous and coniferous trees, it is mainly found in spruce followed by red beech . It is less common in firs , oaks , hornbeams and pines . The fungus usually grows on the ground or in the deciduous or coniferous litter of European beech and European beech fir forests. Sometimes you can find it on stumps or badly rotten branches. It can also grow in hornbeam-oak and not too acidic fir-spruce forests, as well as in spruce forests. Sometimes you can also find it on forest paths or forest edges. The fungus likes fresh, moderately nutrient-saturated soils and is common on loamy-calcareous as well as acidic soils.
The fruiting bodies appear from August to the beginning of November, after extensive early summer rains they can be found as early as July. The maximum is in September and October.
Older specimens are occasionally attacked by the hose fungus Helminthosphaeria clavariarum or its imperfect form Spadicioides clavariarum . The fruiting bodies of the club mushroom turn gray to black. Tiny black dots can be seen under the magnifying glass, these are the perithecids of the Pyrenomycetes.
distribution
The comb-shaped club mushroom is widespread almost worldwide. He was born in Australia and New Zealand, North and Central America (Costa Rica, Mexico, USA, northeast to the southern tip of Greenland), in South America (Chile), Asia (Iran, Pakistan, India, Asia Minor, Central Asia, Japan, Korea, China) and detected in North Africa (Morocco) and the Canary Islands. In Europe it is distributed meridional to boreal . It was found in the south of Portugal and Spain in the southwest to Greece in the southeast. It occurs in France, the Benelux countries and Great Britain and Ireland and is also common throughout Central Europe. In Northern Europe, the fungus is found in Estonia, all of Fennos Scandinavia, and Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Insufficient data are available on the distribution in Eastern Europe; the fungus has been detected in Belarus and Ukraine, but it is also likely to occur in Russia.
The fungus is widespread in Germany and Austria and fairly common to common almost everywhere.
Systematics
The comb-shaped club mushroom was first described validly as Clavaria coralloides by Carl von Linné in his work Species Plantarum in 1753 . In 1889 Carl Joseph Schröter placed the taxon in the genus Clavulina , so that it got its name, which is valid today. The name Clavulina cristata is still used in many mycological works today . The name goes back to the Danish mycologist Theodor Holmskjold, who described the fungus as Ramaria cristata in 1790 , before the taxon was also placed in the genus Clavulina by Schröter in 1889 , because he still regarded Clavaria coralloides and Ramaria cristata as two different species. Today most mycologists consider the two taxa to be synonymous, so that, according to the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the older name, Clavulina coralloides, takes precedence.
Subspecies and varieties
The comb-shaped club mushroom occurs in several shapes and colors, which is why the Clavariaceen researcher EJH Corner divided it into several subspecies and varieties. The most important varieties are the var. Incarnata with flesh-colored fruiting bodies, the var. Subcinerea with young pale gray but later blackish gray stems and branches and the var. Bicolor with two-colored fruiting bodies, the branches are white and the stems are yellowish in color. There is also a var. Subrugosa with short, blunt, simple or only once divided branches.
meaning
Many authors describe the mushroom as edible, but the tough, bland and sometimes slightly bitter tasting meat makes the mushroom an inferior edible mushroom, so that not a few authors consider it inedible.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b J. Schröter: Cryptogam flora of Silesia . Ed .: Ferdinand Cohn. tape 3 Part 2. Breslau 1889, p. 442-443 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ).
- ^ Synonyms of Clavulina coralloides. (L.) J. Schröt., In Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Silesia (Breslau) 3.1 (25-32): 443 (1888). In: SpeciesFungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved April 24, 2012 .
- ↑ a b Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 208 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms: Röhrlinge, Porlinge, belly mushrooms, sac mushrooms and others . Spectrum of Nature BLV Intersive Guide. tape 2 . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich, Vienna, Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-405-12965-6 , pp. 79 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 54.
- ↑ Mark Brundrett: Section 9. Ectomycorrhizal fungi. In: Mycorrhizal Associations: The Way Resource. 2008, accessed on March 28, 2020 .
- ^ M. Kuo: Clavulina cristata. In: MushroomExpert.Com. Retrieved April 27, 2012 (English).
- ^ EO Yurchenko: Annotated list of non-poroid Aphyllophorales of Belarus . In: Mycotaxon . Vol. 86. Breslau 2003, p. 37-66 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Clavulina coralloides. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved April 24, 2012 .
- ↑ Mushroom Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved April 24, 2012 .
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed April 24, 2012 .
- ^ Clavulina coralloides. Pilzoek database, accessed April 24, 2012 .
- ↑ Caroli Linnaei : Species Plantarum . exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol. 2. Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753 (Latin, biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 308 .
