Canary Chiffchaff
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Canary Chiffchaff ( Phylloscopus canariensis ) |
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| Phylloscopus canariensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Hartwig , 1886) |
The Canary Zilpzalp ( Phylloscopus canariensis ) is a Singvogelart of the genus Laubsänger ( phylloscopus ) in the family of Laubsänger-like (Phylloscopidae). It was originally considered a subspecies of the chiffchaff ( Phylloscopus collybita ), but was recognized as a separate species in 1996. A distinction is made between two breeds, the nominate form Phylloscopus canariensis canariensis from the islands of La Palma , El Hierro , Gomera , Tenerife and Gran Canaria and the Lanzarote Chiffchaff ( Phylloscopus canariensis exsul ) from Lanzarote .
features
The Canary Chiffchaff reaches a body length of 12 to 14 cm. He is a medium-sized, rather plain looking warbler with short wings. The nominate shape has a white over-eye stripe and a thin eye ring that contrasts with a dark eye stripe. The cheeks and the ear covers are olive brown. The skull and upper side are brownish-olive. The lower back and the upper tail-coverts are light greenish-olive. The wing feathers and the outer tail feathers have fine, light green fringes. The chin and throat are dirty white. The lower throat and chest are dull yellow. The underbust and the belly are tinted dull yellow-brown. The flanks are bright yellow-brown. The rump and the tail-coverts are light yellowish white. The under wing covers and axillary feathers are yellowish. The iris is dark brown and the beak is dark horn brown. The color of the legs is variable and ranges from greenish to gray-brown or yellow-brown. It differs from the very similar chiffchaff mainly in its whiter and somewhat longer outer eye stripe, through the darker top, through the more yellow-brown tinted underside, through the somewhat longer and darker beak, through the lighter legs and through shorter and more rounded wings. The sexes look the same. The juveniles are similar to the adults, but the underside of them is generally lighter yellow. The subspecies Phylloscopus canariensis exsul is slightly smaller than the nominate form, lighter and less intense olive brown and the legs are almost black.
Vocalizations
The call of the nominate form consists of a sharp and clear hwit , huit , huii , tuit or wheet , similar to the call of the chiffchaff . The reputation of the subspecies P. canariensis exsul is somewhat longer and harder. The singing, which sounds like ji-jsche-she-shi-she-shi-shi , often has a loud and explosive beginning and accelerates towards the end. It can also be preceded by a short, abrupt tuk , che, or chk , similar to that of the chiffchaff , but faster and richer and deeper in timbre. The Canary Chiffchaff does not react to the song of the Chiffchaff. There is no information about the song of the subspecies P. canariensis exsul .
habitat
The nominate form inhabits gardens, shrubs, the edges of cultivated areas, bushland, pine forests ( Pinus ) and mixed woodland from sea level to the tree line. The habitat of the subspecies P. canariensis exsul includes cultivated areas, euphorbias, cactus bushes , fig trees ( Ficus ) and shrubs.
Eating behavior
Its feeding behavior is similar to that of the chiffchaff. It feeds on aphids , whiteflies , larvae and occasionally berries. It captures mosquitoes by "standing still" in the swarm of mosquitoes with a rapid flap of its wings. Therefore it is also called "mosquitero". It plays a role similar to that of the hummingbird in pollinating exotic plants with large flowers .
Reproductive behavior
The breeding season is from late January to June. The nest consists mainly of grasses, flower petals, dry leaves, plant fibers, animal hair and feathers. It is erected in trees, palms, in high bushes (e.g. laurel ( Laurus )), in climbing plants, sometimes under eaves, but very rarely on the ground. The clutch consists of up to four eggs. No information is available about the incubation period and the hatching periods.
status
The IUCN classifies the Canary Chiffchaff in the category “not endangered” (least concern). The nominate form is common and widespread, with a population estimated at 100,000 to 150,000 pairs. The subspecies P. canariensis exsul was restricted to the Haria Valley on Lanzarote, where a nest was last found in 1986. This form may already be extinct.
literature
- David A. Bannerman : The birds of Gran Canaria. Ibis 24 (6), 1912, pp. 557-627.
- Peter Clement , Andreas J. Helbig: Taxonomy and identification of chiffchaffs in the Western Palearctic. British Birds Vol. 91, September 1998, pp. 361-376.
- Peter Clement: Canary Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus canariensis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, DA & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (Retrieved from HBW Alive on January 31, 2017).
Web links
- Information and photos about Phylloscopus canariensis at ARKive
- Videos, photos and sound recordings about Phylloscopus canariensis in the Internet Bird Collection
- Phylloscopus canariensis inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.3. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helbig, AJ, J. Martens, I. Seibold, F. Henning, B. Schottler and M. Wink: Phylogeny and species limits in the Palearctic Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita complex: mitochondrial genetic differentiation and bioacoustic evidence. Ibis 138 (4), 1996: pp. 650-666.
- ↑ Kanarenzilpzalp , accessed March 31, 2016.