Chapel Church (Rottweil)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rottweil - chapel tower (70.27 m)

The Gothic chapel church is the landmark of the city of Rottweil . It is located east of the former, elongated market square at the height of the Mathildenmarkt. First documented in the early 14th century, its origins probably go back to the 13th century. The tradition is based on a Marienkapelle - built at the instigation of the citizens. Its tower is said to have been built on a healing spring for people suffering from eyesight that later dried up. The new choir was built in 1476. For the Jesuits, who came to Rottweil in 1652 to revive the town's school system, the church was always templum nostrum (our church). They renovated the chapel that was entrusted to them from 1727 to 1733. Today it is a subsidiary church of the Münster parish Heilig Kreuz and Konviktskirche.

Its tower is one of the most important late Gothic monuments in Baden-Württemberg. In 1983 it was given the title of cultural monument of national importance . With three large and four smaller tympana as well as a total of 27 free-standing figures, the then largest coherent cycle of stone sculptures in Swabia was created in the 14th century.

Building history

Tower of the chapel church as an attribute of Saint Barbara, around 1500

The 70 meter high tower was built from 1330 with three square floors. The stonemason's markings on the basement indicate Heinrich Parler . The construction of an octagonal tower did not begin until the middle of the 15th century.

The tower is decorated with high Gothic figurines , and art history has long spoken of the Rottweiler style (Stähle 1974). Today the stone sculptures from the Rottweiler Chapel Tower are placed in a larger context and interpreted as the most demanding and at the same time the last large work of a style that was influenced by the court of Ludwig of Bavaria (Suckale 1993). In the figurative representations, a distinction is made between the Master of the Virgin Mary or the Prophet , to whom a large part of the cycle of prophets on the south side is ascribed, and the Master of Christ or the Apostles , who created the cycle of apostles on the west facade. The master of the Breisach Stephanusbogenfeld is also verifiable.

A single nave nave with a straight end of the choir was added to this tower. Around 1476 a mezzanine and two octagonal upper floors were added. It has long been assumed that these were created by Aberlin Jörg . Anton Pilgram's involvement cannot be ruled out, however, as the figure of the stone bearer with a pointed wake in the jacket and a horseshoe on the belt, the Rottweiler Weckenmännle , is supposed to bear his features. It was originally part of the sacrament house or the pulpit, was later placed in the high opening of the western niche in the facade and is now exhibited in the Lorenzkapelle art collection . At the same time, a late Gothic choir with ⅝-degree was added.

The book and bride reliefs are located at the small gates to the stair turrets on the west side of the tower . Based on medieval mysticism, Junker Christ is supposed to be represented as a knight in chain mail - in front of the bride of Christ, the church, both kneeling. The tympana on the north and south portals show the Annunciation, the Adoration of the Magi and the birth of Christ. The tympanum of the west portal shows a representation of the Last Judgment.

The tower - on the wooden sculpture of St. Barbara can be seen in the old cemetery church in Nusplingen (Zollernalbkreis) as an attribute without a spire - can be found with a pointed attachment on David Rötlin's Rottweiler Pürschgericht map as early as 1564 . In the first half of the 18th century it had changed its appearance considerably by adding an onion dome - shown in the large ceiling of the nave of the Rottweiler Predigerkirche - but then got its current octagonal pyramid roof in the second half of the 18th century. In 1713 a Gängle between college and church is mentioned for the first time . At this point in time at the latest, the connection between the chapel church via Johannsergasse and the college building at that time and today's Bischöflicher Konvikt was established, a visible expression of the connection to the school area, which also included the old grammar school , built between 1717 and 1722 . The partly heavily weathered sandstone sculptures on the tower facades were replaced by copies; the originals that have been preserved are now on display in the Lorenz Chapel Art Collection in Rottweil .

Interior

The Pietà - originally in one of the eight altars dating back to 1408 - was moved to the tower chapel early on and was already viewed as a miraculous image around 1430. The oversized crucifix from around 1350 also hangs there . The frescoes in the vault and on the walls represent the story of suffering.

After the collapse of the choir vault of the interior under was Joseph Guldimann to 1733 1727 baroque designed the nave between the tower and the choir was given new when three naves, with very narrow aisles. Joseph Fiertmair , a collegial student of Thomas Scheffler and thus a member of the Asam school, left his life's work here , the praise of Mary of the Rottweiler Kapellenkirche. The main theme is the glorification of Mary, the Patroness of the Church. The main picture on the choir ceiling shows Maria Immakulata . On the nave ceiling there are three main pictures of the Marriage, Annunciation and the representation in the temple, the four evangelists are shown in the spandrels. The space between the ceiling paintings is filled by twelve mostly female allegorical figures , which symbolize virtues related to Mary: devotion to God 1 , power, justice 2 , strength 3 , wisdom 4 , faith 5 , hope 6 , purity 7 , meekness 8 , love 9 , Renunciation of the world 10 and self-control 11 . In the side aisles, there are smaller ceiling paintings with religious saints adoring Mary. In the ceiling of the music choir, a fresco depicts the adoration of the Lamb by the 24 elders according to the Secret Revelation. In the church choir, rectangular wall pictures with scenes from the life of Mary are depicted on the high walls above the oratorio windows. The three altarpieces for the large altars were also created by Fiertmair. On the side altars, on the one hand, the founder of the order Ignatius, inscribed with the name of the artist and the year 1731, and on the other, Saint Xavier are depicted. The monumental middle work of the high altar shows Mary floating up to heaven from the Marian tomb.

At Christmas time, the oldest board nativity scene in the Swabian region by Joseph Fiertmair can be seen in the chapel church until Candlemas (February 2nd) . Fiertmair was a student of the painter and architect Cosmas Damian Asam . It is believed that it was built between 1733 and 1737. The backdrop crib is set up on the right side altar in two alternating scenes of worship of the shepherds and kings. The nativity scene, a typical work of baroque illusion painting, is one of the most atmospheric and perfect Swabian nativity scenes.

During the renovation work around 1983, a sandstone slab with images of Christ and the Evangelist Johannes (probably around 1300) was found in the rubble of the secular buildings in the southeast corner of the first chapel church.

____________________

1 female Attribute sunflower 2 female. Attribute balance and sword 3 female. Attribute column and club 4 female. Attribute snake and mirror 5 female. Attribute chalice and triple cross 6 female. Attribute anchor, falcon and olive branch 7 female. Attribute lily 8 female Attribute lamb 9 female Attribute burning heart on chest 10 male attribute bone and sack with chains and pearls, which is pushed away with foot 11 male attribute reins in hand and headless figure

  • High altar

  • pulpit

  • Ceiling fresco

literature

  • Inventory. Black Forest District . In: Ministry of Churches and Schools (Ed.): The art and ancient monuments in the Kingdom of Württemberg . Paul Neff Verlag, Stuttgart 1897, p. 308-316 .
  • Wolfgang Beeh: The chapel tower in Rottweil and its sculptures from the 14th century . Bonn 1959.
  • Wolfgang Beeh: On the history of the significance of the tower: the chapel tower in Rottweil, in: Yearbook for Aesthetics and General Art History, Vol. 6 (1961), pp. 177–206 .
  • W. Steels: stone sculptures from the art collection Lorenzkapelle (Publications of the City Archives Volume 3). Rottweil 1974.
  • Joachim Hennze: The baroque reconstruction of the chapel church in Rottweil. Freiburg 1981. (Thesis / Master's thesis)
  • Peter Schmidt-Thomé, Günter Eckstein, Artur Burkard: The chapel church in Rottweil. Analysis of the building history and static renovation in the nave and choir . In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg , 12th year 1983, issue 3, pp. 147–165. ( PDF )
  • Joachim Hennze : Strict and beautiful. Evangelical churches of the Heilbronn district in the style change of the 19th century, in: Christhard Schrenk, Peter Wanner (Ed.): Heilbronnica 3. Contributions to the town and regional history. Heilbronn 2006 (here: pp. 87f., As well as on the dating of the west tower around 1330 / 40–1364, 15th century, p. 50, note 5)
  • Winfried Hecht, Stefan King: Chapel tower and chapel church in Rottweil , Kunstverlag Fink 2009 2 .
  • Sonja Lucas: Ways to Christmas. Discoveries in Germany's monuments. Monumente Publications , Bonn 2016. ISBN 978-3-86795-124-1 (to the tympana of the south and north portal)
  • Parish Heilig Kreuz Rottweil 1983 (publisher): Kapellenkirche Rottweil 1983. Anniversary and reopening , Schwenningen 1983.
  • Robert Suckale : The court art of Ludwig of Bavaria . Munich 1993.
  • Regional Council Stuttgart, State Office for Monument Preservation in conjunction with the city of Rottweil and the Rottweiler History and Antiquity Association (publisher): Rottweil (= Archaeological City Register Baden-Württemberg, vol. 30). Filderstadt-Plattenhardt 2005.
  • Bernhard Rüth, Ingeborg Rüth: Swabian-Alemannic nativity book. Christmas cribs in Baden-Württemberg and Bavarian Swabia . Lindenberg im Allgäu 2015. ISBN 978-3-89870-546-2

Web links

Commons : Kapellenkirche (Rottweil)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Cribs in the Rottweil district (culture archive. Publications of the archive and culture office in the Rottweil district office 1), ed. Rottweil district, Rottweil 1990, p. 7.
  2. ↑ Rüth, Bernhard, Rüth, Ingeborg: Schwäbisch-Alemannisches Krippenbuch, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2015, p. 99.

Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ′ 3.3 ″  N , 8 ° 37 ′ 40.5 ″  E