Aberlin Jörg

Keystone by Aberlin Jörg in the choir vault of the Bartholomäuskirche - with a shield holder

View into the choir of the town church in Markgröningen, built by Jörg

Jörg's coat of arms as the keystone in the Alexander Church in Marbach. Since it is being held by two people, it could refer to Father Aberlin and Son or the brothers Aberlin and Hänslin

The Alexander Church in Marbach has Jörgs Bauhütte renewed and extended by a choir

Stuttgart collegiate church around 1900

Coat of arms on the Apostle Choir of the Stuttgart Collegiate Church

Reticulated vault of the minster in Gmünd

Aberlin Jörg (also: Auberlen, Albrecht or Eberlin Jörg or Jerg ; * around 1420 , † around 1492 ) is considered the most important architect and master builder of late Gothic church construction in Württemberg .

Origin and work

Aberlin Jörg was born around 1420 as the son of the honorable builder Hänslin Jörg from Esslingen and a daughter of the Stuttgart Vogts Albrecht Tegen (Degen), probably in Stuttgart and had a brother Hänslin Jörg junior, who was also a builder, but only in Calw (1456) and because the city appeared by name.

Grüningen

In the tax lists of 1448 and 1471, Aberlin Jörg is recorded as a wealthy taxable citizen of the then residence and official city of Grüningen (today Markgröningen ). He owned, among other things, a stately property in Ostergasse and a "special valid" in the neighboring district of Tamm . His considerable property in Grüningen as early as 1448 could largely stem from his marriage: Aberlin Jörg married the Vogt's daughter Adelheid von Magstatt, who lived in Grüningen and who was related in the best circles and is also shown with him on the apostle portal of the collegiate church. As a citizen of the wealthiest city in Württemberg at the time, Aberlin Jörg was able to build the Volland Chapel around 1459 and the large choir, the sacristy and the new Marienkapelle of the Grüninger Bartholomäus Church by 1472 , although in the Urach part of the country under Count Eberhard im Bart at that time almost exclusively competition from the Urachians Bauhütte came into play.

Stuttgart

In Stuttgart, Aberlin Jörg moved into Haufler's house on Marktplatz 5 around 1455 to work on the collegiate church . The Stuttgart collegiate church, begun by his father († around 1450), is considered the main work of the actual house architect of Count Ulrich V , who headed the Stuttgart part of the country. He worked at the collegiate church until the end of his life around 1492. In Stuttgart , he also built on the two suburban churches of the time, St. Leonhard's Church (probably between 1463 and 1468) and the Hospital Church (1473–1493), which had also been started by his father. He started the Cannstatter Stadtkirche (1471–1506).

Large radius of action and rich work

Other important works by the incredibly productive Jörg are the choir vaults of Heilbronn's Kilian Church (1485–1487), the Aidlinger parish church (1470), the Balingen town church (begun in 1443), the renovation and expansion of the Alexander Church in Marbach and the town church Schorndorf (from 1477 ) as well as the ribbed vault of the Gmünder Munster (from 1491), on which he worked until the end of his life.

The bridge over the Bietigheim weir at the confluence of the Metter and Enz rivers, which was approved in 1456, was built from 1461 and completed by 1481 at the latest, was his largest mundane structure. The stone bridge included eight yokes, cost 8,000 pounds Heller twice as much as estimated and would make the city budget for decades. Jörg's handsome fee of another 4,000 pounds of Heller was partly compensated for by a half-timbered house, which he had removed in Bietigheim and rebuilt at the Stuttgart collegiate church. The bridge was blown up in 1945 to stop the advancing French troops.

After the death of the Stuttgart Count Ulrich V in 1480, his successor Eberhard im Bart , who had previously only resided in the Urach part of the country, stuck to the masters of the Urach building works. Then Jörg was less active in the reunified Württemberg and more in the imperial cities of Heilbronn , Rottweil and Schwäbisch Gmünd . Aberlin Jörg became known far beyond Württemberg for the tower design of the Rottweiler Kapellenkirche . With the addition of the octagonal upper floors (from 1473) the chapel tower became one of the most important church towers in Germany.

The extensive catalog raisonné with widely spaced construction sites suggests, on the one hand, that Aberlin Jörg was head of a very efficient construction works and was more of a well-traveled supervisor. On the other hand, the coat of arms used by his brother or possibly by a son of the same name could have led to some works being wrongly ascribed to him. All that is known about possible successors is that "Oberlin Jergen Soene" accompanied the count's son Heinrich von Württemberg to Italy in 1468 and is said to have died before their father. In 1474, however, his son Johannes Jörg is named as the owner of the house in Markgröningen in the inventory of the Katharinen Hospital in Esslingen.

First Aberlin's, then Johannes Jörg's house in Markgröninger Ostergasse

Neidkopf at Jörg's house in Markgröningen

Jörg's coat of arms in the Alexander Church in Marbach, held by two people in the collegiate church in Stuttgart, suggests a joint production by the brothers Aberlin and Hänslin or by Aberlin and one of his sons. Especially since Jörg's coat of arms in the keystone of the Markgröninger Bartholomäuskirche is only held by one person.

Died in Schwieberdingen?

A walled-in memorial stone at St. George's Church in Schwieberdingen and a local court owned by Jörgschem suggest that Aberlin or his brother also worked here. The stone on the inside of the outer wall shows, like an epitaph, the coats of arms of her parents (Degen and Jörg) with the year 1492. The assumption that this is Aberlin's tombstone, however, appears not only because of the small, sober one Format, in contrast to the rest of the self-portrayal, is inconclusive, but also because Aberlin is said to be buried in Stuttgart. Willi Müller interpreted the small stone because of its water hammer and the appropriate dimensions as a base part of a mount of olives once installed in a niche in the outer wall , which Jörg could have donated. In any case, Jörg's successor in Schwieberdingen was the Urach master builder Peter von Koblenz , who completed the late Gothic choir by 1498.

One of Jörg's students is Bernhard Sporer , who built in Münchingen , for example , later joined the Urach masters and finally built mainly in the Wimpfen, Heilbronn and Öhringen area.

literature

• General Artist Lexicon Vol. 1, 1992. P. 135
• Fendrich, Peter: The city and its citizens in the late Middle Ages. On the social structure of the Württemberg district town of Markgröningen in the context of state history. In: Volume 3 of the series "Durch die Stadtbrille", ed. v. Working Group on Historical Research and Monument Preservation Markgröningen, pp. 94–119, Markgröningen 1987
• Gerstenberg, Kurt: The German master builder portraits of the Middle Ages . Berlin: German publisher f. Kunstwissenschaft, 1966. pp. 70, 190, 195
• Handbook of German Art Monuments: Baden-Württemberg. Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1964 (under Jörg, Aberlin)
• Hans Koepf : Newly discovered buildings by the master Anton Pilgram . In: Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte Vol. 15, 1953, pp. 119–135
• Koepf, Hans: The Stuttgart master builder family Joerg . In: Schwäbische Lebensbilder , Volume 6, 1956. Edited by the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1957. pp. 41-48
• Koepf, Hans:  Joerg (Georg), Aberlin (Albrecht). In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 460 ( digitized version ).
• New contributions to the archeology and art history of Swabia: Dedicated to Julius Baum on the occasion of his 70th birthday on April 9, 1952 . Published by the Society for the Promotion of the Württemberg State Museum. Society for the Promotion of the Württemberg State Museum. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1952
• Römer, Hermann : Markgröningen in the context of regional history I. Prehistory and the Middle Ages . Markgröningen 1933
• Wais, Gustav : Stuttgart's art and cultural monuments . Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1954
• Wais, Gustav (Ed.): The Stuttgart collegiate church . With a building history by Adolf Diehl. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1952

Remarks

1. ↑ Left: coat of arms of Adelheid von Magstatt, on the right that of Aberlin Jörg.
2. ↑ Hänslin Jörg is presumably identical to the Hans von Esslingen mentioned in Strasbourg .
3. ↑ Peter Fendrich: The city and its citizens in the late Middle Ages. On the social structure of the Württemberg district town of Markgröningen in the context of state history. In: Volume 3 of the series Durch die Stadtbrille , ed. v. Working group for historical research, heritage and monument preservation Markgröningen, Markgröningen 1987, pp. 94–119.
4. ↑ Koepf's source for a presumed marriage between Hänslin and Adelheid von Magstatt is unknown; Hänslin was not registered as a citizen in Grüningen; In addition, in contrast to the Alexander Church in Marbach, the keystone in the Bartholomäus Church has only one Jörg shield holder, which speaks against Hänslin's presence in this construction phase.
5. ↑ Peter Fendrich: The city and its citizens in the late Middle Ages. On the social structure of the Württemberg district town of Markgröningen in the context of state history. In: Volume 3 of the series Durch die Stadtbrille , Markgröningen 1987, p. 96 ff.
6. ↑ Bietigheim 789–1989. City of Bietigheim-Bissingen (Ed.), 1989, pp. 195, 204 f. and 225.
7. ↑ Hans Koepf (1974), NDB, p. 460. Online version
8. ↑ Income from Grüningen in the inventory book of the Katharinenhospital Esslingen 1473/74 (No. 28, fol 46r)
9. ↑ After the west wall fell out, the house at Ostergasse 16 in Markgröningen was almost completely demolished in the 1960s and rebuilt as a half-timbered house, but without the large overhang. A head of envy from Jörg's house was reattached (house location: ⊙ ).
10. ^ Willi Müller: Schwieberdingen. The village on the road , Ungeheuer & Ulmer, Ludwigsburg 1961, p. 54.

Web links

Commons : Aberlin Jörg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Aberlin Jörg at kirchkunst.de ( Memento from January 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive )