Katharinenkirche (Stralsund)
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The Katharinenkirche in the Hanseatic city of Stralsund is an early Gothic brick building in Mönchstrasse that is now used as a museum . It is the first monumental building of the order of the Dominicans on the Baltic Sea coast . It was built as a church for the monks who worked in the neighboring Katharinenkloster .
The former church building has housed the German Maritime Museum since 1973 . It is located in the core area of the UNESCO World Heritage Historic Old Towns of Stralsund and Wismar .
construction
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The monastery was founded in the 1350s. Around 1261 work began on the church choir , which was consecrated in 1287. A later Stralsund chronicle even shows that the wife of the founder of the Jaromar II monastery , Euphemia, was buried “in the Kor desselvigen monastery” as early as 1270. In Stralsund's oldest town book it is noted that the monastery, which had a brick factory itself , borrowed 24,000 bricks from the city in 1291 to build the nave . Between the third and fourth yoke of the nave from the east , a fugue indicates that the stones used have changed from yellowish to red. The completed choir and the nave up to the third yoke were provisionally closed and were already in use during the further construction.
The church with a total length of 73 meters was completed in 1315; however, the completion is only documented in 1317. In 1315, however, the first provincial chapter meeting took place in the monastery, so that this year it can be assumed that the church will be finished. The shape of the three-aisled hall church (in the Baltic Sea area the large parish churches were built as basilica at that time ) was deliberately chosen to correspond to the simple ideal of the mendicant order.
Design and equipment
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The eight-bay hall construction adjoins the two-bay choir in the east. The nave has a ribbed vault supported by octagonal pillars. The second pair of pillars from the east is designed as a round pillar.
The church has three portals to the north, only the eastern one from the construction period. The other two portals were only added during the late Gothic period. All three are richly decorated. The foliage of the eastern portal can also be found in the capitals of the eastern part from the same period .
The west facade is structured by a seven-part dazzling decoration.
The church received its furnishings from its completion until beyond the 14th century. The altar of the Virgin Mary with the image of the Virgin Mary (1374), St. Catherine altar (1384), Dominic altar (1513), Erasmus altar (1404) and Ewald altar are documented.
use
The church was used by the Dominican order from its completion until the Reformation . In 1315, 1357, 1406, 1465 and 1519 the chapter meetings of the order province of Saxony, to which Stralsund belonged since the division of the "provincia theutonica" in 1303, took place here. In the years 1502 and 1508 Stralsund is run as a "reform in need of" monastery. The Reformation in 1525 brought the Katharinenkirche looting and damage in the so-called "church breaking"; the monastery was abandoned by the monks. In the monastery courtyard, the mayor had all the facilities stolen from Stralsund's churches and brought back by repentant Stralsunders buried.
While the Brigittinnen from the Mariakron monastery moved into the monastery , the church was used as an arsenal by the city. For this purpose, intermediate floors were installed. In 1686 the church became an arsenal for the Swedish government at the time, which the Prussians continued to use from 1815. In 1973 the interior of the church was gutted at the instigation of the Maritime Museum, which was still housed in the neighboring former monastery, and a self-supporting steel structure was installed, which has since served as an exhibition area for the German Maritime Museum.
Monument protection
The building is located in the core area of the city area recognized by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site as part of the “ Historic Old Towns Stralsund and Wismar ”. It is entered in the list of architectural monuments in Stralsund together with the Katharinenkloster and the gatehouse Katharinenberg 14 with the number 394.
literature
- Architectural and art monuments in the Hanseatic city of Stralsund, No. 1, Katharinenkloster Stralsund in the series Kleine Kunstführer , Verlag Schnell & Steiner GmbH, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-7954-6031-X .
Web links
Coordinates: 54 ° 18 ′ 45 ″ N , 13 ° 5 ′ 14 ″ E