Kazuhiko Nishijima

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Kazuhiko Nishijima 1965.jpg

Kazuhiko Nishijima ( Japanese 西 島 和 彦 Nishijima Kazuhiko ; born October 4, 1926 in Tsuchiura ; † February 15, 2009 ) was a Japanese particle physicist . He was a professor emeritus at the Universities of Tokyo and Kyoto . He is best known for in collaboration with Murray Gell-Mann emerged Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula and the concept of strangeness , which he after the η meson as eta-charge designated.

Live and act

Nishijima received his diploma in physics from the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1948 and received his doctorate in 1955 from the University of Osaka with a thesis on the core potential .

At the University of Osaka he was commissioned by Yoichiro Nambu in 1950 to work on the theory of strong interaction and the physics of strange matter (then called V-particles). While he was investigating the decay of these particles, he and Tadao Nakano - independently of Murray Gell-Mann - developed a relation for the quantum numbers of the particles:

with the electric charge Q , the third component of the isospin I 3 , the baryon number B and the strangeness S of the particle.

This Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula (or NNG formula, for Nishijima, Nakano, Gell-Mann) was decisive for the development of the Quark model by Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964 (independently of one another).

At Werner Heisenberg's invitation , Nishijima worked in Göttingen from 1956 to 1958 before moving to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1958 . A year and a half later he became a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . In 1966 he returned to the University of Tokyo, where he founded a working group for theoretical physics , but also took on administrative tasks. 1986–1989 and 1995–2005 he was President of the Nishina Memorial Foundation , a foundation for the promotion of physics in Japan. In 1982 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . In the same year he was accepted as a foreign member of the then Academy of Sciences of the USSR .

Nishijima was active in research until his death, most recently on confinement and non-commutative quantum field theory . He died of leukemia .

Fonts

  • K Nishijima: Fundamental Particles . WA Benjamin, 1963, OCLC 536472 .
  • K Nishijima [1974]: Fields and Particles: Field Theory and Dispersion Relations , 4th. Edition, Benjamin Cummings, 1998, ISBN 0-8053-7399-3 .

Awards

literature

  • K. Kawarabayashi: Ukawa A (Ed.): Wandering in the Fields: Festschrift for Professor Kazuhiko Nishijima on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday . World Scientific, 1987, ISBN 9971-5-0363-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Particle Physicist Kazuhiko Nishijima dies at 82 , The Japan Times . February 18, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2010. 
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k Y. Nambu : Kazuhiko Nishijima . In: Physics Today . 62, No. 8, 2009, p. 58. doi : 10.1063 / 1.3206100 .
  3. K Nishijima: Charge Independence Theory of V Particles . In: Progress of Theoretical Physics . 13, 1955, p. 285. doi : 10.1143 / PTP.13.285 .
  4. Gell-Mann, M: A Schematic Model of Baryons and Mesons . In: Physics Letters . 8, No. 3, 1964, pp. 214-215. doi : 10.1016 / S0031-9163 (64) 92001-3 .
  5. Zweig, G: An SU (3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking . In: CERN Report No.8181 / Th 8419 . 1964.
  6. Zweig, G: An SU (3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking: II . In: CERN Report No.8419 / Th 8412 . 1964.
  7. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Kazuhiko Nishijima. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed October 11, 2015 .
  8. Kazuhiko Nishijima, Guggenheim Fellow 1965 . John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation . Retrieved February 12, 2016.
  9. Honors by Cabinet Resolution 2008 ( Japanese ) Kyōto University. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
  10. 本 学 名誉 教授 の 西 島 和 彦 先生 が 平 成 15 年度 の 文化 勲 章 を 受 章 ( Japanese ) University of Tokyo . Retrieved July 16, 2010.