Cherry jewel beetle
| Cherry jewel beetle | ||||||||||||
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Image 1: Cherry splendor beetle |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Anthaxia candens | ||||||||||||
| ( Panzer , 1793) |
The cherry borer or Colorful cherry jewel beetle ( Anthaxia candens ) is a beetle from the family of jewel beetles (Buprestidae). With a length of seven to eleven millimeters, it is one of the larger species of the genus Anthaxia . With its emerald-green, copper-red and black-blue colors, it is the most colorful jewel beetle in Central Europe.
Like most jewel beetles, the species is specially protected by law in accordance with the Federal Species Protection Ordinance. In the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany, the species is listed under category 2 (endangered). In Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia it is classified as endangered (category 3). In Saxony-Anhalt it is considered lost or extinct.
Comments on the name and system
The species was first described by Panzer in 1793 under the scientific name Buprestis candens and the German name Der glowende Prachtkäfer . The short description begins: Buprestis candens: ... ( Latin sparkling jewel beetle: ...). This explains the species name cándens (Latin: shiny, shining ). The 'Kirsch' part of the German name refers to the cherry tree in which the beetle likes to develop.
The genus Buprestis was broken down into many genera by Eschscholtz in 1829. The genus Anthaxia belongs to the genera with a pointed label .
The genus name Anthaxia is from Altgr. άνθος ánthos, 'flower', and άξιος áxios, 'worth' derived and indicates the many colorful beetles of this genus. The genus Anthaxia is represented in Europe in four subgenera with over a hundred species. There are over thirteen hundred species worldwide.
Characteristics of the beetle
The shiny green head of the females and the blue one of the males is drawn back to the rear edge of the large eyes in the pronotum . The eyes almost completely cover the sides of the head and are hardly approached at the top (picture 1, picture 3). The forehead is sparsely long, silky and lightly haired. The likewise metallic green antennae are bluntly serrated on the inside and have eleven links. The upper lip ( labrum ) is bilobed. The upper jaws ( mandibles ) are strong, curved and pointed. They have a blunt tooth on the inside. The jaws are long, the end link spindle-shaped and truncated. The last link of the lip button is also elongated and truncated.
The elytra are flat and cover the sides of the abdomen when viewed from above. They are without stripes or rows of dots, but densely dotted . In the front two-thirds, their side edges run parallel, they narrow towards the tip. Their basic color is shiny red-copper. Around the small triangular tag (scutellum) is a triangular green spot (scutellar spot), which is extended in a wedge shape towards the rear. This spot is bordered in black and blue on the outside. The black-blue color extends backwards along the seam and is expanded in the middle of the elytra.
The pronotum is widest in front of the middle and narrows towards the front and back. It has a clear continuous longitudinal furrow and is of the same green as the head and scutellar spot. Black-blue longitudinal spots run on both sides of the longitudinal furrow. The pronotum is grained on the sides as on the forehead, towards the middle the scars flow in horizontal wrinkles. In contrast to other species of the genus, these are not densely packed and not arranged in a circle. The front edge of the pronotum is slightly indented (double-indented) behind the eyes.
The green underside of the body as well as the rails and thighs of the legs are hairy short, half-lying. The front hip cavities, in which the front legs are turned, are open to the rear. The front hips are spherical and separated by a broad extension of the front chest. This extension widens at the end of the anterior hip cavity and then ends in a point that bridges the mid-breast and thus apparently divides it (Fig. 4). The rear hips lie broadly against the rear chest and are hollowed out towards the back to partially accommodate the rear legs ( thigh covers ). The tarsi are all five-limbed, the claws imperforate.
Occurrence and way of life
The distribution of this jewel beetle extends from southern Russia, the Transcaucasus and southeastern Europe to central and western Europe. Northern Europe, however, is completely avoided and in Germany, too, the occurrence of Anthaxia candens is limited to the south and the center. The beetle lives in dry areas with sparse trees (tree steppe). The larvae live mainly under the bark of the trunk and strong branches of the stone softsel , less often on fruit trees, especially on cherries . The larval development takes two to three years. Pupation takes place at the end of summer in a doll's cradle made of nailed wood and bark. The beetle hatches in the same year, but hibernates in the pupa cradle, from which it hatches the following May. The beetles are active during the hottest part of the day and are often found in large numbers on the breeding trees until September. Nevertheless, the beetle is not harmful, as the larva only eats damaged and dying parts of the plant. In Central Europe it usually occurs only rarely to very rarely in places.
swell
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X .
- Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer 's Käferbuch. K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition.
- Coléoptères. Librairie Gründ, Paris 1990, ISBN 2-7000-1824-9 .
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 , pp. 96 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg , Eugen Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4
- ↑ Red lists at BioNetworkX
- ^ GWF tanks: Faunae insectorum Germanicae initia or Germany's insects. First year. I-XII. Notebook. , Nuremberg 1793 first description p. 241: 9
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologus 2nd edition Jena 1922 Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species) in short form
- ↑ Johann-Friedrich Eschscholtz: Zoological Atlas…. 1st issue. Berlin 1829 Division of Buprestis p. 8
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologus 2nd edition Jena 1922 Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) in short form
- ↑ Anthaxia at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 23, 2013 Anthaxia Anthaxia (subgenus) from Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 23, 2013 Anthaxia Cratomerus (subgenus) from Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 23, 2013 Anthaxia Melanthaxia (subgenus) from Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 23, 2013
- ↑ genus Anthaxia at BioLib
- ↑ J. Köhler F. Köhler: Anthaxia candens (PANZER, 1789) and Lathropus sepicola (MÜLLER, 1821) - recoveries for the northern Rhineland on old orchards (Col., Buprestidae, Laemophloeidae) as html
- ^ Niehuis, M. (2004): The jewel beetles in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland. - Fauna and Flora Rhineland-Palatinate (Landau) supplement 31, 712 pp.
