Small-flowered mountain mint

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Small-flowered mountain mint
Small-flowered mountain mint (Clinopodium nepeta)

Small-flowered mountain mint ( Clinopodium nepeta )

Systematics
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Nepetoideae
Tribe : Mentheae
Genre : Mountain Mints ( Clinopodium )
Type : Small-flowered mountain mint
Scientific name
Clinopodium nepeta
( L. ) Kuntze

The lesser calamint ( Clinopodium nepeta , Syn. : Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi ), also called Steinquendel and Kölme referred to, is a plant of the genus calamintha ( Clinopodium ) within the family of Lamiaceae (Labiatae).

description

Illustration from storm
Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 20

Vegetative characteristics

The small-flowered mountain mint is a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 80 centimeters (in Turkey up to 90 centimeters). It forms subterranean runners .

The constantly against arranged on the stem leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blade of the central stem leaves is 7 to 31 millimeters long and 5 to 25 millimeters wide and ovoid to ovate. The leaf margin is notched to notched-serrated, which means that the incisions are acute-angled, the teeth in between are blunt or also pointed. There are five to eight teeth on each side of the leaf. The leaves are woolly hairy.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to September. Mostly as surpass cymes trained inflorescences her to mid- bloom 2 to 5 centimeters long pedunculated Tragblatt far. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorph double perianth of calyx and corolla. The cup is 5 to 7 millimeters long. The small-flowered mountain mint belongs to the genus in which the upper calyx teeth are shorter than the lower ones, the calyx is clearly hairy on the inside. The light purple to white corolla is 8 to 12 millimeters long. The significantly smaller flowers differ from the similar forest mountain mint .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Occurrence

The small-flowered mountain mint occurs in warm and warm temperate Europe from the Mediterranean region to Switzerland and Austria and east to northern Iran. It grows on moderately dry stone rubble corridors, on rocks and on walls and is limestone , so it only grows on limestone soils. In Central Europe it is a character species of the rough grassland named after the silver ragweed ( plant-sociological association of the Stipetum calamagrostis from the association Stipion calamagrostis). This grows on the calcareous fine debris of the hill country and the lower mountain forest level.

The small-flowered mountain mint is rare in Germany; most of its occurrences are inconsistent and naturalized or feral. It is not considered endangered.

Taxonomy and systematics

This kinship group is controversial.

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Melissa nepeta by Carl von Linné . Further synonyms for Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze are: Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi , Satureja calamintha subsp. nepeta (L.) Briq. , Satureja calamintha var. Nepeta (L.) Briq. , Calamintha officinalis var. Nepeta (L.) Rchb. & Rchb. f. , Satureja nepeta (L.) Scheele , Thymus nepeta (L.) Sm. , Calamintha parviflora Lam. nom. superfl., Melissa parviflora Salisb. nom. superfl.

From Clinopodium nepeta there are three subspecies:

  • Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze subsp. nepeta : It occurs from southern Europe and southern central Europe to northern Iran.
  • Clinopodium nepeta subsp. spruneri (Boiss.) Bartolucci & F.Conti (Syn .: Calamintha spruneri Boiss. , Calamintha nepeta subsp. glandulosa (Req) PWBall. , Calamintha officinalis Moench ): It occurs from the Mediterranean to the Caucasus region. In Turkey it is only common in the south of the country.
  • Clinopodium nepeta subsp. subisodontum (Borbás) Govaerts (Syn .: Calamintha subisodonta Borbás ): It occurs from eastern Central Europe to Southeastern Europe.

use

The small-flowered mountain mint is rarely used as an ornamental plant for rock gardens, perennial beds and borders. The "Triumphator" variety is most widespread in gardens. In the past it was also used as a medicinal plant that supposedly drove out pathological body fluids and is still used in folk medicine today.

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 502 .
  • Sevim Alan, Atila Ocak: Taxonomical and morphological studies on the genus Calamintha Miller (Lamiaceae) in Turkey. In: Biological Diversity and Conservation , Volume 2, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 125-143.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  811-812 .
  2. ↑ Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi, Kleinblütige Bergminze. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Clinopodium nepeta. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Accessed December 30, 2018.
  4. ↑ Calamintha sighting. Perennial Sighting Working Group in the Association of German Perennial Gardeners, accessed on December 11, 2016.
  5. ^ Constantinus Africanus : De gradibus quos vocant simplicium liber. In: Constantini Africani post Hippocratem et Galenum ... Heinrich Petri, Basel 1536, pp. 342–387; here: p. 376 f.
  6. ↑ Otto Zekert (Ed.): Dispensatorium pro pharmacopoeis Viennensibus in Austria 1570. Berlin 1938, p. 137.
  7. ↑ Plant Lexicon .

Web links

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