Common hedgehog seeds

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Common hedgehog seeds
Common hedgehog seed (Lappula squarrosa)

Common hedgehog seed ( Lappula squarrosa )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Genre : Hedgehog seeds ( Lappula )
Type : Common hedgehog seeds
Scientific name
Lappula squarrosa
( Retz. ) Dumort.

The lappula squarrosa or barnacles Hedgehog Same ( Lappula squarrosa ), also Common hedgehog seed called, is a flowering plant in the family of Borage Family (Boraginaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The common hedgehog is an annual to possibly longer-lived herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 10 to 40, rarely up to 50 cm. The more or less upright stem as well as the alternately arranged, undivided leaves are hairy when pressed down.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time of the common hedgehog seed in Central Europe usually extends from June to July and sometimes to October. The inflorescence is a thyrse . The flower stalks remain upright after the flowering period and are much shorter than the cup-shaped to cylindrical calyx . The funnel-shaped, radial symmetry , fused-leaf crown is blue to whitish in color and 3 to 4 mm long. The corolla tube is straight and the corolla lobes more or less stick out. There are five stamens and a four-part, upper ovary . The stylus arises at the base of the ovary.

The fruit disintegrates into four solitary partial fruits ( Klausen ). The partial fruits each have two to three rows of 1 to 1.5 mm long spines with an anchor-shaped barb at the upper end. All spines are roughly the same length.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.

ecology

Common hedgehog seeds range from therophyte to possibly hemicryptophyte . The species has roots up to 80 centimeters deep. It has insect pollination and self-pollination.

Occurrence and locations

The species has its natural range in Central , East , Southeast , Southwest and Northern Europe as well as in West Asia , in the Caucasus , in Siberia , Central Asia , Mongolia and in the People's Republic of China . In the German-speaking area , the species is indigenous only in Austria and Switzerland . In Germany it occurs as an archaeophyte only in the central German arid region, in the other warm and arid regions only rarely and partly inconsistent.

In Austria, the common hedgehog is rarely found in all federal states except in Upper Austria and Vorarlberg , where the species has become extinct, on more or less dry ruderal fields and fallow land in the colline to montane altitude range . The species is considered endangered in Austria.

The common hedgehog likes to occur on moderately dry, nutrient-rich, neutral to moderately acidic, humus-rich, mostly pure sand or gravel soils in warm and dry areas. In Central Europe it is a federation character of the Sisymbrion, especially like together with the common dog's tongue ( Cynoglossum officinale ) and in the Sisymbrio-Asperuginetum, but also occurs in societies of the Onopordion federation.

photos

  • The stem and the leaves are hairy when pressed down.

  • The partial inflorescence is a monochasium with often clearly rolled-up wrap.

  • The funnel-shaped crowns are blue to whitish in color.

  • The partial fruits have spines with anchor-shaped barbs on their edges.

  • The common hedgehog on a botanical drawing from 1796

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 700 .
  2. ↑ Rolf Wisskirchen, Henning Haeupler: Standard list of fern and flowering plants in Germany. With chromosome atlas . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 1 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1 , p. 284 .
  3. ↑ a b Eckehart J. Jäger (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , p. 724 .
  4. ^ A b Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (3) (Pirolaceae - Verbenaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-76020-4 , pp. 2139 (unchanged reprint of the 1st edition from 1927 with addendum).
  5. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  777 .

Web links

Commons : Lappula squarrosa  - album with pictures, videos and audio files