Faldern Monastery

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Franciscan monastery in Emden after the Reformation (detail of city view by Braun Hogenberg, 1575)

The monastery Faldern was the only monastery of the Franciscans in East Friesland .

history

The Franciscans probably founded the monastery after 1317. From this year there is a document in which Pope John XXII. allowed an inquiring General Minister by the name of Michael Fuschi von Cesena (1316–28) branches in a total of ten named locations across Europe, including between Emden and Faldern . The monastery was established in the area of ​​the village of Faldern, which was not yet part of Emden , and belonged with other Franciscan monasteries in what is now the Netherlands to the custody of Deventer , which in turn was part of the Cologne order province . It is possible that there was a predecessor institution with the Walburgis Church, which came under the influence of the Emden provost Wiardus Abdena to the Franciscans.

From 1369 a bridge connected the monastery (in otherwise uninhabited Faldern) with the city of Emden. The initiative for the building probably went back to the Franciscans, who sought direct contact with the people in the city in order to be able to do charitable work there. To prevent all abuse , the bridge was secured with two gates.

The next available document, which indicates the existence of the monastery, dates from 1381, when Bernhard, gardianus in conventu minorum in Phalerna,Guardian in the convent of the Friars Minor in Phalerna”, was the first of four arbitrators to decide in an inheritance dispute.

Significant events for East Frisian history occurred several times in the monastery. In 1400, after a punitive expedition by the Hanseatic City of Hamburg against East Frisian chiefs in Faldern, negotiations were held to end the chiefs' support for the Vitalienbrüder . The meeting ended on May 23rd of that year with the result that the chiefs promised not to give any more support to the pirates, but this was soon obsolete .

On December 23, 1464, the Faldern Monastery was the site of the solemn ceremony with which Ulrich I was led by Emperor Friedrich III. was appointed Imperial Count of East Frisia . At the same time he was enfeoffed with the county of "Norden, Emeden, Emesgonien" in East Frisia and one of his followers, Sibet Attena , was knighted.

After 1485 the monastery was reformed to become an observance . Earlier, Count Edzard I had expelled the previous residents, who belonged to the Gaudenten branch , after complaints from the citizens of Emden. He had the monastery occupied with observants who advocated a return to stricter observance (Latin observance) of the original rules of the order.

After the introduction of the Reformation , the monastery continued to exist until Johannes a Lasco was dissolved in 1557 by banning the celebration of Catholic mass in the church. In 1561 the last Franciscans left the monastery. The city then used the building as an orphanage and poor house (a so-called inn ). In 1570 Faldern was incorporated into the city of Emden and from 1574 the construction of the magnificent town hall began in the immediate vicinity of the former Franciscan monastery, which placed this area of ​​the city in the center. The buildings of the monastery were rebuilt several times in the following period and later demolished. Only a foundation stone that was recovered in 1937 has been preserved.

The church

The monastery church of Faldern was a Gothic brick building in the mendicant order style . In accordance with the ideal of poverty of the Franciscan order, the building was relatively simple and was characterized by the absence of bell towers and colorful glass windows. The nave was divided into three bays and had a narrow aisle. A long choir was later added to the building and, after 1405, a roof turret with a bell was added. After the transformation into a poor house and orphanage, the church was renamed the Gasthauskirche . Around 1641 the church received an organ with two manuals for the upper work and the back positive . Jost Sieburg is presumed to be the organ builder , who is attested to having several organs in the area from 1642–53. A renovation was carried out in 1756/58 by Cornelius Geerds Wallies and was completed after his death by Dirk Lohman . After 1800 an independent pedal was added, probably by Johann Friedrich Wenthin or his son. With the fire in the church in 1938, the furnishings were also destroyed.

literature

  • Daniel Stracke: Emden / Faldern - Franciscan Conventuals, later Franciscan Observants . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1-4. Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349569 . Pp. 346-349.
  • Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland: An attempt . Hahn, Emden 1838. P. 112 ff. (Reprint of the edition from 1838, Verlag Martin Sendet, Niederwalluf 1971, ISBN 3-500-23690-1 ).

Individual evidence

  1. a b Ralf Michael Nickel: Between City, Territory and Church: Franziskus' Söhne in Westphalia until the beginning of the Thirty Years War Inaugural dissertation to obtain the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of History of the Ruhr University Bochum, p. 66 f. (PDF; 8.3 MB)
  2. a b c Dr. Hans-Peter Glimme, Ostfriesisches Landesmuseum Emden: A cornerstone of Emden Inn Church , seen on January 4, 2010 .
  3. Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland , p. 112.
  4. Hemmo Suur: History of the former monasteries in the province of East Friesland , p. 113.
  5. ^ Daniel Stracke: Emden / Faldern - Franciscan Conventuals, later Franciscan Observants . In: Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810 . Part 1-4. Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 3895349569 . Pp. 346-349.
  6. Ralph Nickles: Organ inventory of the Krummhörn and the city of Emden . Hauschild Verlag, Bremen 1995, ISBN 3-929902-62-1 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 22 ′ 0.2 ″  N , 7 ° 12 ′ 25.9 ″  E