Fontevivo Monastery

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Fontevivo Cistercian Abbey
The former abbey church of San Bernardo
The former abbey church of San Bernardo
location ItalyItaly Italy
region of Emilia-Romagna
province of Parma
Lies in the diocese 1144–1892 exemte abbey, since 1892 Parma
Coordinates: 44 ° 51 '27 "  N , 10 ° 10' 33"  E Coordinates: 44 ° 51 '27 "  N , 10 ° 10' 33"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek 		168
founding year 1142
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1518
Year of repopulation Benedictines from 1518
Year of re-dissolution 1892/93
Mother monastery Chiaravalle della Colomba
Primary Abbey Clairvaux Monastery
Congregation Italian Cistercian Congregation (1497–1518); Cassinese Benedictine Congregation (1518-1893)

Daughter monasteries

Monastery of San Giusto in Tuscania (1146)
Monastery of Santa Maria di Mirteto (1227)

Kloster Fontevivo (lat. Abbatia Sancti Bernardi Fontis Vivi ) is a former exemte Cistercian - Abbey in today's region of Emilia-Romagna , Italy . It is located in the municipality of Fontevivo in the province of Parma around 15 km west of Parma on the Via Emilia in the direction of Fidenza .

history

In May 1142, a colony of monks from the Chiaravalle della Colomba monastery took over the Fontevivo location on the left bank of the Parola brook, which was founded by Bishop Lanfranko of Parma and Delfino de Pallacinis and named after a source there. Thus the monastery belonged to the filiation of the Clairvaux Primary Abbey . The monastery received papal protection privileges early on and had been an exemte abbey since 1144 . As early as 1146, the monastery of San Giusto in Tuscania was subordinated to the abbey . It is possible that the monastery of Santa Maria di Mirteto near Pisa was a daughter monastery of Fontevivo. The Cistercians undertook the meliorization and soon built a large monastery church and the associated monastery buildings. The first abbot was a certain Viviano. In 1497 Fontevivo joined the Italian Cistercian Congregation. However, the coming affected the monastery. In 1518 Pope Leo X united the monastery with the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome . Saint Paul gave Fontevivo to the Benedictine Congregation of Monte Cassino , which made it subordinate to the Benedictines of the Abbey of San Giovanni Evangelista in Parma. The Benedictines stayed in Fontevivo until 1893. The monastery church is now used as a parish church. The bishops of Parma bear the honorary title of Abbot of Fontevivo since the unification of Private Abbey Fontevivo with the Diocese of Parma on August 14, 1892.

Plant and buildings

The monastery church in the form of a Latin cross has a separate transept with two side chapels in the east (the northern ones are bricked up) and a square main apse. With its three-aisled nave with three central nave and six side nave bays (i.e. in the bound system), it corresponds to the Bernhardin plan. Instead of the originally planned barrel vault, however, the church has been given a ribbed vault. The construction of the crossing vault is remarkable. In the left transept there is a tombstone of Marchese Guido Pallavicino , at the end of the left aisle there is a classicist tomb of the last Duke of Parma in the pre-Napoleonic period, Ferdinand von Bourbon . The brick facade of the church, a three-part staggered gable facade with a rose window with 10 marble columns arranged in a radial pattern, has been heavily redesigned. A round arch frieze largely surrounds the church. The convent in the south of the church has been replaced by a college built in the 17th and 18th centuries, which during the Farnese period served as an autumn stay for the nobility of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, but was later converted into apartments.

literature

  • Balduino Gustavo Bedini: Le abazie cisterciensi d'Italia. o. O. (Casamari), 1964, without ISBN, pp. 36-37
  • Georg Kauffmann: Reclam's Art Guide Italy IV. 2nd edition, Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 1971, p. 266
  • Sergio Stocchi: Romanesque Emilia-Romagna. Echter Verlag Würzburg 1986, pp. 259-260, ISBN 3-429-01010-1

Web links