Holy Spirit Monastery (Eichstätt)
The Holy Spirit Monastery is a former brotherhood convent in Eichstätt in Bavaria in the Eichstätt diocese .
history
predecessor
The earliest information about a Eichstätter hospital comes from the reign of Bishop Odalfried from 912 to 933. The episcopal institution was probably within the cathedral immunity . In addition to this Domspital joined in 1194 as a foundation under provost Walbrun an alien and pilgrims hospital in the eastern apron of the city, in 1216 no longer existed. For the lepers of the time of the crusaders , in the 12./13. In the 19th century, another hospital was founded outside the city, namely in Leprosental, today Rosental. The " Siechhof St. Lazarus" is also an isolation facility, a plague or special hospital, founded in 1346. In 1216 a hospital of the Augustinian canons in Rebdorf above the episcopal city is mentioned, which was certainly only used internally.
Brotherhood Hospital
The supply gap in the city was around 1254 by a donation from Count Gebhard VI. (1245–1275) closed by Hirschberg and his wife Sophie († 1289). For this purpose, the count exchanged the necessary properties from the cathedral chapter southwest of the city on the Altmühl , where a stone bridge built under Bishop Gundekar II (r. 1057–75), later called the "Spitalbrücke", crossed the river.
It was run by a brotherhood convention . Bishop Heinrich IV. Count of Württemberg (r. 1247–1259) issued a rule for this, probably drafted by a layman, which was based on the rule of the Order of the Hospitallers of the Holy Spirit founded by Guido von Montpellier in 1198 and the rule of St. John . The hospital was only subordinate to the bishop. The task of the priests, lay brothers and sisters, who formed the convent and vowed chastity , poverty and obedience, was to care for the sick in a hospital and - for more severe cases - in an infirmary. The convent was headed by a (lay) master elected by the brothers, who had extensive powers; the sisters and maids were headed by a master, who in turn was subordinate to the master. A tertiary brotherhood was affiliated , whose members did not have to take any vows. A brother council stood by the master's side. The convent had a convent house of the brothers with a chapter house , where the chapter was held weekly, with a refectory , bedrooms and other rooms. The sisters had their own convent house, where the maids also lived.
At the end of the 13th century the development from the sick hospital to the old people's hospital began; Craft guilds, and in the 15th century also private individuals, bought places in hospitals or donated beneficiaries. Gradually the fraternal convent structure also changed. A hospital document from 1391 no longer speaks of a master, but of a canon as upper hospital master, while the lower hospital master could still be a layman, but who no longer belonged to the convent. In the course of time, the hospital's independence had therefore been ceded to the cathedral chapter , which in Eichstätt took the place of the city administration. It remains to be seen when the hospital has finally given up its religious status. In any case, it never became a citizens' hospital, but always remained an episcopal institution.
In 1452 the hospital buildings and the church were under Bishop Johann III. von Eych (ruled 1445–1464) replaced by a new building. The convent dissolved soon after 1592, so that the “Holy Spirit” monastery tradition in Eichstätt came to an end. However, the hospital continued to exist.
Destruction and rebuilding
In 1633/34 the complex including the Gothic church was destroyed by the Swedes. The hospital was rebuilt under Bishop Marquard II. Schenk von Castell in 1660, the church under Bishop Johann Martin von Eyb (r. 1697–1704) from 1698 to 1701 by Jakob Engel in the Baroque style. For this purpose, von Eyb set up a foundation that still exists today . In later times the administration of the hospital foundation passed into the hands of the city. 1729 was commissioned by Gabriel de Gabrieli whose Parlier Johann Rigalia the Younger to the buildings.
From the 19th century to the present
In 1833/34 the sloping church tower had to be rebuilt. In 1886, a four-storey extension was built to the church, imitating Engel's facade design. In 1899 a new building was added to the railway line. From 1886–1996 the Franciscan Sisters from the Maria Stern mother house in Augsburg ran the hospital and looked after the elderly. In the 1960s and 70s, renovation and new building measures were carried out. Recently, a new building with care places has been built on the hospital grounds facing Bundesstrasse 13.
literature
- Andreas Bauch: The newly discovered rule of the Heilig-Geist-Spital zu Eichstätt. In: Collective sheet of the historical association Eichstätt 64 (1971), Eichstätt 1972, pp. 7–84
- (Brun Appel, Alois Wittig, Friedrich F. Haindl, Hugo A. Braun :) Heilig-Geist-Spital Eichstätt, Eichstätt: Stadt Eichstätt 1978, 80 pp.
- Alexander Rauch: City of Eichstätt. Monuments in Bavaria Volume I.9 / 1, Munich / Zurich: Schnell & Steiner 1989, pp. XXVIII, 22, ISBN 3-7954-1004-5
Web links
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Eichstätt, Hlg. Geist , basic data and history:
Laura Scherr: The Heiliggeiststift zu Eichstätt - care for the sick and old in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History - Hospital website
Coordinates: 48 ° 53 ′ 31.9 ″ N , 11 ° 10 ′ 52 ″ E