Garlic germander

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Garlic germander
Garlic germander (Teucrium scordium)

Garlic germander ( Teucrium scordium )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Ajugoideae
Genre : Germander
Type : Garlic germander
Scientific name
Teucrium scordium
L.

The garlic germander ( Teucrium scordium ), also leek Gamander called, is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae). It blooms in July and August.

description

The perennial herbaceous plant reaches a stature height of 10 to 40 cm. It has a distinct odor reminiscent of garlic . The rhizome is creeping and has numerous runners. The stem is erect and more or less simply designed, shaggy and softly haired all around and often overflowing more or less purple like the leaves. The leaves are dense, sessile, elongated-elliptical-lanceolate in shape, about 1.5 to 3 cm long and 4 to 12 mm wide. They are roughly serrated. The flowers are in 1 to 4-part whorls , are approx. 8 to 10 mm long and have a short stalk. The calyx is bell-shaped, deeply sagging at the base, woolly-shaggy and green to more or less purple in color. The crown is light carmine-red in color, rarely white and has a lower lip that is slightly hairy on the underside. The nuts are approx. 1 mm long and reticent-pitted.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

Distribution and location requirements

The garlic germander grows in wet litter meadows, ditches, on lake banks and in floodplains. It is a heat-loving, salt-bearing, shallow-rooted creeping pioneer plant. It is considered a character species of the Agropyro-Rumicion association, but also occurs in the Caricetum elatae of the Magnocaricion association.

Garlic germander ( Teucrium scordium )

Teucrium scordium occurs from southern Scandinavia to the Mediterranean and North Africa. To the east it penetrates as far as Central Asia and even China. It is a sub-Mediterranean-Mediterranean floral element. In Austria it is very scattered or rarely found and endangered. It seldom occurs in Switzerland.

The garlic germander is only found very scattered in Germany, especially in the large river valleys of the Elbe, Oder and Vistula. It can also be found in the Upper Rhine, Lake Constance, Main and Danube regions, among others.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Teucrium scordium subsp. glabrescens (Murata) Rech.f. : It occurs from Afghanistan to Pakistan.
  • Teucrium scordium subsp. scordioides (Schreb.) Arcang. (Syn .: Teucrium scordioides Schreb. ): It occurs from northwestern Africa and from southern Europe to the Chinese Xinjiang .
  • Teucrium scordium subsp. scordium : It occurs from Europe and northwestern Ethiopia with Eritrea to the Chinese Gansu and Xinjiang .
  • Teucrium scordium subsp. serratum (Benth.) Rech.f. : It occurs from northeastern Iran to the western Himalayas.

Use as a medicinal plant

The garlic germander was previously used as a medicinal plant. In the Middle Ages scordium the panacea Theriak and the Pestmittel Diascordium added. The fresh herb was also placed on festering wounds. On the Danube, the herb is said to have been used to color cloths in yellow-green.

Species protection

Endangerment in Germany: Category 2: extremely endangered! The plant should not be collected because of its rarity and endangerment!

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  795 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Teucrium scordium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 14, 2016.
  3. ↑ a b Xi-wen Li & Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae Flora of China, vol. 17th

Web links

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