Truth and Reconciliation Commission
The Peruvian Commission for Truth and Reconciliation ( es : Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación , CVR ) had the task of investigating the crimes in the war between the guerrilla / terrorist organizations on the one hand and the state organs of Peru on the other hand during the time of to come to terms with the armed conflict in Peru 1980–2000.
Appointment and investigation
The Truth Commission was set up in June 2001 by the transitional government under President Valentin Paniagua . The mandate was confirmed in the same year by President Alejandro Toledo and expanded to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
The commission should investigate the following crimes:
- Murders and kidnappings
- Evictions
- Torture and other serious injuries to physical integrity
- Violations of the collective rights of Andean and indigenous communities
- Other crimes and serious violations of personal rights
activity
The chairman of the commission was Salomón Lerner Febres , philosophy professor and rector of the Catholic University of Peru. Unlike in truth commissions in other Latin American countries, non-Peruvian specialists were not directly involved in the Peruvian commission.
On August 28, 2003, the commission presented its final report, comprising nine volumes (approx. 6000 pages), to Alejandro Toledo. To disseminate the results, the commission also published a 60-page booklet with photos and graphics and a brochure in Spanish and Quechua .
result of the investigation
The report assumes 69,280 fatalities. Of this, 46% are the responsibility of the “ Sendero Luminoso ” (Shining Path), which is the main culprit for the crimes and human rights violations. The Peruvian military is responsible for 30% of the victims and paramilitary groups for 24% of the victims. The Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru , according to the report, are to be blamed for 1.5% of the documented victims.
75% of the fatalities had Quechua or another indigenous language as their mother tongue. 79% of the victims came from rural areas. Of the 23,969 victims registered by name by the commission, 40% came from the Ayacucho region alone. Of a total of around 55,000 Asháninka in Junín , around 6,000 died, around 10,000 were displaced within the rainforest area of the Ene , Tambo and Perené and around 5,000 were imprisoned in Sendero Luminoso camps in the Andes. Numerous Quechua villages, especially in Ayacucho, were wiped out, and 30 to 40 Ashaninka villages in Junín disappeared from the map.
The report also found that both the Peruvian police and military had committed significant crimes and human rights violations. This was not just about individual excesses, but a systematic practice of human rights violations (see Dirty War ) was observed.
President Alberto Fujimori and secret service chief Vladimiro Montesinos will u. a. the responsibility for murders and massacres by the death squad "Colina".
literature
- Salomón Lerner Febres / Josef Sayer (ed. - i. A. von Misereor and Information Center Peru), “Against forgetting. Yuyanapaq ". Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Peru ad Span .: Beate Engelhardt / Elena Muguruza (and co-worker by Hartmut Heidenreich), editor: Hartmut Heidenreich / Juan Josi / Elena Muguruza / Karl Weber], Ostfildern: Matthias-Grünewald-Verlag 2008 ISBN 978-3-7867 -2720-0
- Peru: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission - a first step towards a country without injustice . AI Index: AMR 46/003/2004. Amnesty International, August 2004.
Web links
- Commission website (Spanish / English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Informe Final of the CVR, Volume 1: El proceso, los hechos, las víctimas , therein the chapter “Introdución”, therein the subchapter “2. El diseño del mandato de la Comisión ”( online ), accessed February 20, 2020 (Spanish).
- ↑ Truth and Reconciliation Commission: ¿Cuántos Peruanos Murieron? Estimación del total de víctimas causadas por el conflicto armado interno entre 1980 y el 2000. (PDF) Retrieved on February 20, 2020 (Spanish).