Denomination in Baden in the 19th century
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The religious denomination in Baden in 1825 for the first time systematically collected by the State Administration and compiled.
Statistics from 1825
In 1825, 67.1% of the population belonged to the Roman Catholic Church, 31.2% of the Protestant regional church and the Jewish population was a small minority at 1.6%.
Catholic population
The clearly dominant Catholic population was particularly evident in 17 administrative districts , where over 90% of the population were Catholic. Therefore, areas on Lake Constance , on the Upper Rhine , in large parts of the Black Forest , almost all of Mittelbadens and large parts of the building land and the Taubergrund can be designated as purely Catholic areas. Likewise, in the larger cities of Bruchsal , Ettlingen and Freiburg im Breisgau, the non-Catholic proportion was well below 20%. Only Catholics lived in half of all Baden parishes, although there were only 67 parishes in which no Catholics lived.
The Catholic population lived in rural areas and belonged to the petty bourgeoisie , i. H. the Catholics lived mainly in parishes with fewer than 3000 inhabitants, where they often had no contact with Protestant fellow citizens. The rural Catholic population, mainly active in agriculture, felt the economic fluctuations in particular and was therefore particularly well represented among emigrants who sought their fortune overseas in the second half of the 19th century.
Evangelical population
Only two administrative districts had a Protestant population of more than 90%: the district office in Pforzheim and the one in Kehl . There was still an evangelical overweight in the north of the country in the Bretten district office and in the Karlsruhe district office as well as in Lörrach and Müllheim in the south of the country . In addition, large parts of the areas of the former Electoral Palatinate had a preponderance of Protestant residents.
The people of the Protestant faith dominated in the medium-sized and larger cities with the exception of Mannheim and Freiburg. In the past, they had developed a civic self-confidence that was based on education, economic success and political participation.
Jewish population
The Jewish population only had an above-average higher proportion of the total population in the following districts : Adelsheim , Bretten , Konstanz , Mannheim , Sinsheim and Wiesloch . With the exception of Constance, these administrative districts were all in the northern part of Baden.
Further development
The proportion of Catholics fell to 66.3% by 1852 and to 63.6% in 1875. In the opposite direction, the proportion of Evangelicals increased, whose proportion rose to 34.4% by 1875. The Jewish share of the population did not fluctuate greatly and was 1.7% in 1875. Catholics and Jews showed the same tendency: They moved from rural areas to industrial and commercial cities (such as Mannheim) or to the state capital, where new opportunities in life were offered.
Population in Baden
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1815 | 993.414 |
| 1885 | 1,601,255 |
| 1890 | 1,657,867 |
literature
- The religious affiliation in Baden in the last 100 years based on official material , edit. and ed. from the Baden Statistical Office, Freiburg im Breisgau 1928.
- Udo Wennemuth: The religious communities in Baden in the first half of the 19th century between new beginnings and perseverance . In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine 157 (2009) ( ISSN 0044-2607 ) pp. 315–341.