Kosch principle

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The Registan in Samarkand: Ulugbek Madrasa (left) and Sher-Dor Madrasa (right) are arranged according to the Kosch principle

The Kosch principle (also spelled Kosh, Qosh, Qoʻsh, Kasch, Kash or Qash) is an urban planning principle of the arrangement of two representative buildings in Central Asian cities. The name is derived from the Persian word "Qash", which means "opposite".

arrangement

According to the Kosch principle, the two buildings, for example mosques or madrasas , which are usually the same size, are arranged in such a way that their magnificent facades face each other on the same main axis. In addition to the pishtake with ivans arranged in the central axis, other facade elements such as arcades, window axes or corner towers are often arranged opposite one another, so that the two buildings face one another like a picture and a mirror image.

Examples

Poi Kalon with Kalon Mosque (right), Kalon Minaret and Alim-Khan-Madrasa (middle) and Mir-Arab-Madrasa (left)

An example of strict symmetry is the Registan in Samarqand , where the Ulug'bek Madrasa and the Sher-Dor Madrasa are symmetrically opposite each other.

Another example of strict symmetry is the Allah-Quli-Khan madrasa and the Qutlugh-Murad-Inak madrasa in Xiva .

In the Poi Kalon ensemble in Buxoro, on the other hand, the symmetry is broken. The Kalon Mosque is lower than the Mir-Arab-Madrasa opposite it on the same main axis , but has a greater width.

The symmetry is also broken in the Labi Hovuz building ensemble in Buxoro, in which the Nodir-Devonbegi-Chanaqa and the Nodir-Devonbegi-Madrasa face each other on the same main axis. Both structures have a high Pishtak, but the Khanaqa is significantly narrower, it lacks the two-storey pointed arch arcades of the Madrasa, and the corner towers are right next to the Pishtak. In addition, there is a pool and a park between the two buildings , so that the relationship between the buildings is visually weakened.

In the Qo'sh Madrasa in Buxoro, a double madrasa that even bears the principle of arrangement in its name, the facades of the Modari Khan Madrasa and the Abdullah Khan Madrasa with all their individual elements (Pishtak, Ivan, arcades, corner towers) are indeed ) arranged strictly mirror-symmetrically to each other. The symmetry is broken by the fact that the two buildings do not have the same main axis. The axis of the Modari Khan Madrasa is inclined to the axis of symmetry, so that its facade is inclined to the rest of the building.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ What is the Kosh Principle? (No longer available online.) In: The Kosh Principle in Architecture. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007 ; accessed on November 27, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bernhardpeter.de
  2. ^ Pander: Zentralasien , 2004, pp. 330f
  3. ↑ What does the Kosh Principle do? (No longer available online.) In: The Kosh Principle in Architecture. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007 ; accessed on November 27, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bernhardpeter.de
  4. ↑ Example 1: The Registan in Samarqand. (No longer available online.) In: The Kosh Principle in Architecture. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007 ; accessed on November 27, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Pander: Zentralasien , 2004, pp. 201–207 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bernhardpeter.de
  5. ↑ Example 3: The ensemble in Khiva. (No longer available online.) In: The Kosh Principle in Architecture. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007 ; accessed on November 27, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Pander: Zentralasien , 2004, pp. 183–185 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bernhardpeter.de
  6. ↑ Example 2: The Poi-i-Kalan Ensemble in Bukhara. (No longer available online.) In: The Kosh Principle in Architecture. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007 ; accessed on November 27, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Pander: Zentralasien , 2004, pp. 153–157 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bernhardpeter.de
  7. ↑ Pander: Zentralasien , 2004, pp. 162–164
  8. ↑ Example 4: The Kosh Medrese in Bukhara. (No longer available online.) In: The Kosh Principle in Architecture. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007 ; accessed on November 27, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Pander: Zentralasien , 2004, pp. 167–169 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bernhardpeter.de