Cretan hieroglyphs
The Cretan hieroglyphs are an undeciphered writing system from the Minoan period, which was used on Crete from around the 20th to the 15th century BC. Was used. Their use is attested from the periods MM I to MM III A of the Minoan civilization. The so-called linear script A emerged from the Cretan hieroglyphs, but both script systems were used in parallel for a while.
As the name suggests, the characters are all pictographic , even if the interpretation of individual characters is controversial. The inventory of characters consists of 137 characters, 96 of which occur in whole words, 32 are apparently logograms , 9 were interpreted by Olivier and Godart in 1996 as " clasmatograms ". There are also four number signs (1, 10, 100, 1000), a word hyphen and a cross, which probably indicates the beginning of the text. Due to the number of word-forming characters - as with Linear A - it was definitely a syllabary. The not very numerous texts are very short, they are seal inscriptions and short notes on clay bars.
| Writing system |
Geographic zones |
Epoch v. Chr. |
|---|---|---|
| Cretan hieroglyphs |
Crete ( Knossos , Malia , Petras ), Samothrace |
from 2100 to 1700 |
| Linear A | Crete; isolated finds on the Aegean Islands ( Kea , Kythira , Milos , Thera ), in Asia Minor ( Miletus , Troy ) and on the Greek mainland ( Laconia ) | from 1900 to 1450 |
| Linear B | Crete ( Knossos ), and mainland ( Pylos , Mycenae , Thebes , Tiryns , Agios Vasilios , Dimini ) | from 1450 to 1200 |
See also
literature
- Тайны древних письмен: Проблемы дешифровки ; Moscow: Progress, 1976.
- А. Бартонек: Злаотообильные Микены ; Moscow, 1991.
Czech: Antonín Bartoněk : Zlaté Mykény ; Prague, 1983 - А. М. Кондратов, В. В. Шеворошкин: Когда молчат письмена: Загадки древней Эгеиды ; Leningrad, 1970.
- А. А. Молчанов, В. П. Нерознак, С. Я. Шарыпкин: Памятники древнейшей греческой письменности. Введение в микенологию ; Moscow, 1988.
- А. А. Молчанов: Посланцы погибших цивилизаций. Письмена древней Эгеиды ; Moscow, 1992.
- А. А. Молчанов: Таинственные письмена первых европейцев ; Moscow: Nauka, 1980.
- WC Brice: Notes on the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script: I. The Corpus. II. The Clay Bar from Malia, H20 ; Kadmos, 29, pp. 1-10 (1990).
- WC Brice: Cretan Hieroglyphs & Linear A ; Kadmos, 29, pp. 171-172 (1990).
- WC Brice: Notes on the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script: III. The Inscriptions from Mallia Quarteir Mu. IV. The Clay Bar from Knossos, P116 ; Kadmos 30 (1991), pp. 93-104.
- WC Brice: Notes on the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script ; Kadmos, 31 (1992), pp. 21-24.
- J.-P. Olivier, L. Godard, J.-C. Poursat: Corpus Hieroglyphicarum Inscriptionum Cretae ( CHIC ); Études Crétoises 31; Paris: De Boccard, 1996; ISBN 2-86958-082-7 .
- Gareth Alun Owens : The Common Origin of Cretan Hieroglyphs and Linear A ; Kadmos 35: 2 (1996), pp. 105-110.
- Gareth Alun Owens: An Introduction to “Cretan Hieroglyphs”: A Study of “Cretan Hieroglyphic” Inscriptions in English Museums (excluding the Ashmolean Museum Oxford) ; Cretan Studies 8 (2002), pp. 179-184.
- I. Schoep: A New Cretan Hieroglyphic Inscription from Malia (MA / V Yb 03) ; Kadmos, 34: 78-80 (1995).
- JG Younger: The Cretan Hieroglyphic Script: A Review Article ; Minos 31-32 (1996-1997), pp. 379-400.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The pre-alphabetical scripts in Crete and Cyprus. www.uibk.ac.at, May 20, 2007, p. 9 , archived from the original on July 10, 2012 ; Retrieved February 10, 2012 (PDF file, 1.09 MB).
- ^ Edwin L. Brown: Linear A on Trojan Spindlewhorls, Luvian-Based FANAΞ on Cnossus. In: Gareth L. Schmeling, Jon D. Mikalson (Eds.): Qui Miscuit Utile Dulci. Festschrift Essays for Paul Lachlan MacKendrick. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Wauconda - Illinois 1998, pp. 51-68.
- ^ Literacy and History: The Greeks. RIC Publications, 2007 [1]
- ↑ Khosrow Jahandarie: Spoken and Written Discourse: A Multi-disciplinary Perspective. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999 [2]