Cretan rockrose

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cretan rockrose
Cistus creticus LC0069.jpg

Cretan rockrose ( Cistus creticus )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Mallow-like (Malvales)
Family : Rockrose family (Cistaceae)
Genre : Rock roses ( cistus )
Type : Cretan rockrose
Scientific name
Cistus creticus
L.

The Cistus creticus ( Cistus creticus ), also gray Hairy Zistrose called, is a plant type from the genus of cistus ( Cistus ) in the family of rockrose (Cistaceae).

description

The Cretan rockrose is a dwarf shrub that reaches heights of 30 to 100, rarely up to 150 centimeters. The branches are hairy. The leaves are ovate-lanceolate to elliptical, measure 15 to 25 (to 50) × 8 to 15 (to 30) millimeters and are 3 to 15 millimeters long with stalk, green to gray-green and pinnate. The nerves are depressed on the top and stick out on the bottom.

The flowers reach a diameter of 4 to 6 centimeters and stand individually or up to seven in umbel-like inflorescences. The sepals are ovate-lanceolate, long pointed and hairy. The five petals are purple-red or dark pink in color and wrinkled. The styles are thread-like and have the same length as the stamens.

The flowering period extends from December to June.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

Occurrence

The distribution area extends over almost the entire Mediterranean area with the exception of the Iberian Peninsula . In general, this species occurs less often in the west.

The Cretan rock rose colonizes garigues and maquis on both limestone and silicate rock . In Crete it occurs at altitudes from 0 to 1200 meters.

Systematics

The name Cistus creticus was first published by Carl von Linné in 1759 . The name Cistus incanus L. , which was established in 1753 and was mostly misinterpreted in the sense of the Cretan rockrose, refers to the hybrid Cistus × incanus : Cistus albidus ( white rockrose ) × Cistus crispus ( frilled rockrose ). Another common synonym that wasn't published until 1762 is Cistus villosus L.

The Cretan rockrose is divided into the following subspecies:

  • Cistus creticus subsp. corsicus ( Loisel. ) Greuter & Burdet : The leaves resemble subsp. eriocephalus . The sepals have a few long hairs that do not cover the star hair. The stems and the flower stalks are star-haired.
  • Cistus creticus L. subsp. creticus : The leaves are no longer than 25 millimeters and clearly curly-wavy at the edge. The whole plant is sticky-glandular and aromatic.
  • Cistus creticus subsp. eriocephalus ( Viv. ) Greuter & Burdet : The leaves are longer than 25 millimeters and flat at the edge. The sepals have numerous long hairs that cover the star hair. The stems and the flower stalks are densely white shaggy.

use

tea

Cistus creticus dried and cut for tea preparation

A variety of Cistus creticus is used in Greece and in this country as a house tea. The use of tea as a utility tea has also been proven in antiquity - in addition to medicinal uses. Cistus tea can be prepared as a tea to drink for internal use, but it can also be brewed in higher doses than Cistus-Sud and used for external use.

Use as a medicinal plant

Traditional application

The polyphenols ( tannins such as ellagitannins and proanthocyanidins as well as flavonoids ) contained in the leaves of Cistus creticus have an astringent effect. Extracts from it are therefore used in folk medicine for the treatment of skin diseases and diarrhea.

Studies on antiviral effects

In addition, Cistus creticus is said to have an antiviral effect.

For example, a standardized rockrose extract showed an antiviral effect in vitro (in cell cultures) and in animal experiments, including against various influenza pathogens , the antiviral effect being said to come about through a - reversible - physical interaction of the extract with proteins on virus surfaces. Studies on the therapeutic effectiveness of viral infections, however, show different results and are highly controversial among pharmacologists and medical professionals.

Research published in 2016 by scientists at the Helmholtz Zentrum München showed that extracts from Cistus creticus can even inactivate life-threatening viruses such as the Ebola pathogens and prevent them from multiplying in vitro .

Use in Lyme disease

Positive experience reports from self-help groups of Borreliosis patients about considerable pain relief after taking Cistus creticus leaf preparations prompted researchers at the Pharmaceutical Institute of the University of Leipzig to investigate in vitro using extracts from Cistus creticus to demonstrate strong growth inhibition in Borrelia .

General criticism

All serious studies only showed an effect on various pathogens when applied externally , either in vitro or in plant protection . Critics, however, was pointed out that the responsible ingredients that polymeric polyphenols , hardly bioavailable are therefore therapeutic use in animals and humans only - for example by means of an aerosol - locally could be effective, but not in peroral administration systemically , ie for the whole organism.

photos

  • blossom

  • leaves

  • Grove hover fly during pollination

  • Cretan rockrose ( Cistus creticus subsp. Creticus )

supporting documents

literature

  • Ralf Jahn, Peter Schönfelder: Excursion flora for Crete . With contributions by Alfred Mayer and Martin Scheuerer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1995, ISBN 3-8001-3478-0 , p. 197 .
  • Dankwart Seidel: Flowers on the Mediterranean. Determine accurately with the 3-check . BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16294-7 , Graubehaarte Zistrose, Cistus creticus , p. 143 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Jean-Pierre Demoly, Pedro Montserrat: Cistus . In: Santiago Castroviejo, Carlos Aedo, Santos Cirujano, Manuel Laínz, Pedro Montserrat, Ramón Morales, Félix Muñoz Garmendia, Carmen Navarro, Jorge Paiva, Carlos Soriano (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares . Vol. III. Plumbaginaceae (partim) - Capparaceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1993, ISBN 84-00-07375-4 , p. 319-337 .
  2. ^ Carl von Linné: Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th edition. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1759, p. 1077, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F586996~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~ PUR% 3D .
  3. ↑ Werner Greuter , Karl Heinz Rechinger : Flora of the island of Kythera, at the same time the beginning of a nomenclature review of the Greek vascular plant species (= Boissiera. Volume 13). Geneva 1967, pp. 53-54.
  4. ↑ Werner Greuter , Hervé-Maurice Burdet , Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 1: Pteridophyta (ed. 2), Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones (Acanthaceae - Cneoraceae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1984, ISBN 2-8277-0151-0 , p. 315-316 (on- line ).
  5. ↑ a b c E. F. Warburg: Cistus. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 283 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ^ Robert Desmond Meikle: Flora of Cyprus. Volume One (Pinaceae to Theligonaceae) . Bentham-Moxon Trust & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London 1977, ISBN 0-9504876-3-5 , pp. 182-183 .
  7. ↑ UP Hedrick (Ed.): Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. In: Department of Agriculture's 27th Annual Report. Vol. 2, Part II, JB Lyon Company, Albany 1919.
  8. ↑ Brussell DE: "Medicinal Plants of Mt. Pelion, Greece." In Economic Botany . 2004 Dec Volume 58 (Supplementary Volume 1), pages 174-202, doi : 10.1663 / 0013-0001 (2004) 58 [S174: MPOMPG] 2.0.CO; 2 .
  9. ↑ Life-in-Balance.net : Areas of application of Cistus Incanus 2012
  10. ↑ C. Ehrhardt, ER Hrincius, V. Korte, I. Mazur, K. Droebner, A. Poetter, S. Dreschers, M. Schmolke, O. Planz, S. Ludwig: A polyphenol rich plant extract, CYSTUS052, exerts anti influenza virus activity in cell culture without toxic side effects or the tendency to induce viral resistance. In: Antiviral Research . Volume 76, No. 1, 2007, pp. 38-47, PMID 17572513 .
  11. ↑ K. Droebner, C. Ehrhardt, A. Poetter, S. Ludwig, O. Planz: Cystus052, a polyphenol-rich plant extract, exerts anti-influenza virus activity in mice. In: Antiviral Research. Volume 76, No. 1, 2007, pp. 1-10, PMID 17573133 .
  12. ^ A b I. Zündorf, T. Dingermann, M. Schubert-Zsilavecz, T. Winckle, D. Uhl: 'Adventurous clinical studies!' . In: Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung. DAZ 2009, No. 28, p. 48, July 9, 2009.
  13. ↑ Cystus052 (r) against American flu? . In: Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung. DAZ 2009, No. 19, p. 78, May 7, 2009.
  14. ↑ press release .
  15. ↑ Hutschenreuther, A. et al .: "Growth inhibiting activity of volatile oil from Cistus creticus L. against Borrelia burgdorferi ss in vitro." Pharmazie 65 (4), April 2010, pp. 290-295.

Web links

Commons : Cretan Rockrose ( Cistus creticus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Thomas Meyer, Michael Hassler. [1]