War grandson

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War grandchildren are children of war children from World War II . The term comes from popular scientific literature and describes people who were indirectly traumatized by unprocessed psychological trauma suffered by their parents during the Nazi, war and early post-war period .

meaning

The assignment to the war grandchildren as well as to the war children is not primarily based on the age groups, if these also roughly determine the age cohort of the respective group. What is more important is which group you consider yourself to be part of based on your own life context. The term war grandson became popular because it clarifies connections between the generations that were not yet discussed in Germany up to the turn of the millennium, and enables an emotional coming to terms with the past .

The term “ transgenerational transmission of war-related burdens” was introduced into the discussion around 2005 by the social psychologist and geriatric researcher Hartmut Radebold . It describes the conscious or unconscious passing on of serious experiences in the Nazi system and during the Second World War , i.e. perpetration and involvement in guilt, frontline missions , flight and displacement , bombing raids on Germany and imprisonment or concentration camps to the next generations and the associated severe emotional stress on people some of whom were born decades after the events.

From a psychoanalytical point of view, it is a specific form of transference , described by Sigmund Freud in 1913 in Totem and Tabu as an inheritance of feelings . The unconscious transmission of experiences between parents and children was first investigated among representatives of the Holocaust successor generation and among Nazi perpetrators .

The term was used by representatives of the age groups between 1960 and 1975 as a self-designation. People who see themselves as "great-grandchildren of the war" are increasingly appearing in public. They are the children of the war grandchildren.

reception

Autumn conference of Kriegsenkel eV in Helmstedt 2014. In the picture Sabine Bode

In 2010 the association Kriegsenkel e. V. founded in Schnakenbek / Elbe (near Hamburg). It appears in particular through its own events and through predominantly online-based networking of everyone interested in the topic.

In 2012 a psychohistorical congress took place at the University of Göttingen under the title The Children of War Children and the Late Consequences of Nazi Terror . In 2018 the event was titled Violence and Trauma: Direct and Transgenerational Consequences for Individuals, Attachments and Society - Grandchildren, Children from New Wars, Affected Family and Institutional Violence .

Associations of displaced persons also speak of a "war grandson movement".

Critics criticize the emergence of a “plural culture of remembrance that favors an ethic of equal memory for victims and perpetrators via negative identity formation” when Germans present themselves as victims of National Socialism . This means weighing up causal historical connections, guilt and responsibility specifics. On the other hand, there are efforts to give adequate space to the suffering of both sides, as was undertaken with the Nazareth conferences .

literature

  • Bettina Alberti: Emotional Trümmer: Born in the 50s and 60s: The post-war generation in the shadow of the war trauma. Kösel, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-466-30866-8 .
  • Udo Baer , Gabriele Frick-Baer: How trauma affects the next generation - examinations, experiences, therapeutic aids. 4th edition, Affenkönig, Neukirchen-Vluyn 2014, ISBN 978-3-934933-33-0 .
  • Udo Baer, ​​Gabriele Frick-Baer: War heritage in the soul. What really helps children and grandchildren of the war generation . 1st edition. Beltz, Weinheim 2015, ISBN 978-3-407-85740-8 .
  • Gabriele Baring: The Germans' Secret Fears. How the Second World War has had an emotional impact on Germans to this day. Scorpio, Berlin / Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-942166-46-1 .
  • Gabriele Baring: The drama of the war grandchildren: symptoms, patterns and trauma of the third generation. In: Expulsion, Understanding, Reconciliation. Hess, Bad Schussenried 2011, ISBN 978-3-87336-372-4 .
  • Kathleen Battke: Rubble Childhood. Memory work and biographical writing for war children and grandchildren. Kösel, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-466-30989-4 .
  • Sabine Bode : grandson of war. The heirs of the forgotten generation . 10th edition. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-608-94807-3 .
  • Heike Knoch, Winfried Kurth, Heinrich J. Reiss, Götz Egloff (eds.): The children of war children and the late consequences of the Nazi terror (= yearbook for psychohistorical research. Volume 13). Mattes, Heidelberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86809-070-3 .
  • Michael Schneider, Joachim Süss (ed.), NEBELKINDER - War grandchildren step out of the trauma shadow of history. Europa Verlag, 2015, (anthology) ISBN 978-3-944305-91-2 .
  • Matthias Lohre : The legacy of the war grandchildren. What the silence of the parents does to us. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-579-08636-1 .
  • Raymond Unger : The home of the wolves - A war grandson on the trail of his family - A family chronicle . Europa Verlag Berlin, 2016, ISBN 978-3-95890-014-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Katharina Ohana : I, Raven's daughter. First edition, 2006
  2. ^ Anne-Ev Ustorf: We children of the war children. The generation in the shadow of the Second World War. Freiburg i.Br., 2008
  3. ↑ Sabine Bode: war grandson. The heirs of the forgotten generation. Stuttgart, 2009
  4. ↑ Angela Moré: The unconscious passing on of trauma and entanglements of guilt to subsequent generations Journal für Psychologie 2013
  5. ↑ War grandchildren - how we feel the war to this day phoenix round from May 7, 2015, YouTube , Sabine Bode from min. 44:00
  6. ↑ Hartmut Radebold, Werner Bohleber, Jürgen Zinnecker (eds.): Transgenerational transmission of war-torn childhoods. Interdisciplinary studies on the sustainability of historical experiences over four generations. Juventa, Weinheim / Munich 2008
  7. ↑ a b Joachim Süss: What are war grandchildren? ( Memento from April 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Angela Moré: The unconscious passing on of trauma and entanglements of guilt to subsequent generations . In: Journal for Psychology . tape 21 , no. 2 , 2013, ISSN  0942-2285 ( journal-fuer-psychologie.de [accessed on August 22, 2018]).
  9. ↑ Dan Bar-On : The Burden of Silence. Frankfurt am Main (Campus), 1993
  10. ↑ Martin S. Bergmann, Milton E. Jucovy, Judith S. Kestenberg (eds.): Children of the victims - children of the perpetrators. Psychoanalysis and the Holocaust. Frankfurt am Main, 1995
  11. ↑ Ilany Kogan : The silent cry of the children. The second generation of Holocaust victims (=  library of psychoanalysis ). 2nd Edition. Psychosozial-Verlag, Giessen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8379-2005-5 (English: The cry of mute children . Translated by Max Looser).
  12. ↑ Angela Moré: In the shadow of guilt: Psychological stress in the offspring of perpetrators, 2016
  13. ↑ Rasmus Rahn: Repression, annoyance, responsibility? Great grandsons of war and the long shadow of our past. In: Joachim Süss, Michael Schneider: Nebelkinder. War grandchildren step out of the trauma shadow of history. Berlin et al. 2015, pp. 361–369.
  14. ↑ Heike Knoch and others: The children of war children and the late consequences of the Nazi terror. Heidelberg 2012.
  15. ↑ 32nd annual conference of the Society for Psychohistory and Political Psychology (GPPP), April 13-15, 2018, Göttingen conference announcement
  16. ↑ Joachim Süss: It never stops. Trauma in the next generations. Kronprinzenpalais zu Berlin, May 10, 2012, DVD, ed. by the Center against Expulsion Foundation and the Women's Association in the BdV eV , Berlin, 2012
  17. ^ German memory - the concept of a hostile takeover , Young Democrats / Young Left Rhineland-Palatinate, December 10, 2008