Cuban pine

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Cuban pine
Cuban pine (Pinus cubensis) near Baracoa

Cuban pine ( Pinus cubensis ) near Baracoa

Systematics
Class : Coniferopsida
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Pine family (Pinaceae)
Subfamily : Pinoideae
Genre : Pine ( Pinus )
Type : Cuban pine
Scientific name
Pinus cubensis
Grisebach

The Cuba pine ( Pinus cubensis ) is a plant from the genus of pine trees ( Pinus ) within the family of the Pinaceae (Pinaceae). It is endemic to the highlands of eastern Cuba .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The Cuban pine grows as an evergreen tree and reaches heights of 25 to 30 meters. The bark of young twigs is initially bluish and somewhat hairy, later it turns gray-brown and peels off in thin, flaky scales. The cylindrically shaped, dark brown buds are resinous. The two needles are thick, stiff, dull green and 10 to 14 centimeters long.

Generative characteristics

The reddish brown cones are oval with a length of 4 to 5 centimeters and conically narrower towards the top. The part of the cone scales that faces outwards ( apophysis (pine) ) is flat, notched, with a small elevation in the middle (navel). The seeds are 2 to 3 centimeters long with wings and 0.5 to 0.6 centimeters long without wings.

Occurrence

Distribution map

The Cuban pine occurs in the Sierra Maestra and the Sierra de Nipe , but also in the foothills and partly on the coast in eastern Cuba.

It thrives at altitudes of 100 to 900, rarely up to 1200 meters. It grows in serpentine areas or on Latosol , at lower altitudes also on sandy alluvial soil . Cuban pines are found mainly on acidic soils with low water retention capacity. The annual rainfall in this ecoregion can be up to 1,800 mm, with a dry season from November to April and a rainy season from May to October. The average annual temperature is 25 ° C, although it is slightly lower in the higher elevations. August is the warmest month and the coldest is January.

The Cuban pine forms the tree layer there, mostly as the only tree species. It is associated with Dracaena cubensis , species from the genera Eupatorium s. l., Myrtus and Baccharis as well as with Jacaranda arborea and Eugenia pinetorum .

Systematics

The first description of Pinus cubensis was in 1862 by August Grisebach Plantae Wrightianae , 2, page 530. Johannes Bisse separated from Pinus occidentalis the species Pinus maestrensis in 1975 , which is regarded by other authors as a synonym for Pinus cubensis . John Silba classified the Cuban pine in 1990 as a subspecies of the Hispaniola pine ( Pinus occidentalis ). Synonyms of Pinus cubensis Grisebach are: Pinus occidentalis var. Cubensis (Grisebach) Silba , Pinus wrightii Engelm. , Pinus maestrensis Bisse , Pinus occidentalis var. Maestrensis (Bisse) Silba , Pinus montezumae var. Cubensis Nutt. , Pinus cubensis var. Anomala Rowlee , Pinus cubensis subsp. maestraensis (bites) Silba .

The species Pinus cubensis belongs to the Australes subsection from the Trifoliae section in the Pinus sub-genus within the Pinus genus . The Cuban pine ( Pinus cubensis ) is closely related to the Hispaniola pine ( Pinus occidentalis ).

literature

  • A. Farjon, BT Styles: Pinus (Pinaceae). In: Flora Neotropica Monograph , Volume 75, The New York Botanical Garden, New York, 1997.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Karl-Heinz Kindel: Pines of the warmer countries (Southeast Asia - Caribbean) . In: Communications of the German Dendrological Society . tape 93 , 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-8328-9 , pp. 41 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Christopher J. Earle: Pinus cubensis. The Gymnosperm Database, 2019, accessed April 21, 2019 .
  3. ^ Mark McGinley: Cuban pine forests. World Wildlife Fund / Encyclopedia of Earth, 2014, accessed April 21, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Pinus cubensis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved April 21, 2019.
  5. ↑ Johannes Bisse: Nuevos arboles de la flora de Cuba. In: Ciencias, Ser. 10. Botanica . No. 2, 1975, pp. 1-3.

Web links

Commons : Cuban Pine ( Pinus cubensis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files