Cultural Property Protection Act (Japan)
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Title: |
文化 財 保護 法 Bunkazai hogohō English Act on Protection of Cultural Properties |
| Type: | hōritsu |
| Number: |
昭和 25 年 5 月 30 日 法律 第 214 号 Law No. 214 of May 30th Shōwa 25 (1950) |
| Last change by: | Law No. 37 of May 2, Heisei 23 (2011) |
| Legal text on the Internet: | law.e-gov.go.jp |
| Please note the note on the applicable legal version . Only the Japanese legal texts have legal effect, not translations into English or other languages. | |
The Japanese law on the protection of cultural property ( Japanese 文化 財 保護 法 Bunkazai hogohō , English Act on Protection of Cultural Properties ) is the core of the current Japanese monument law . It was passed on May 30, 1950 and consists of 13 parts ( 章 ) with 203 paragraphs ( 条 ). According to the numbering for laws and ordinances (hōrei-bangō) it is the law number 214 of the year Shōwa 25 (1950).
history
On January 26, 1949 , valuable wall paintings were destroyed in the fire in the main hall (Kondo) of the Hōryū-ji Buddhist temple , one of the oldest surviving wooden buildings in the world. The hall was the last building to be placed under the protection of the law for the preservation of old shrines and temples . This incident led to a legislative initiative and the first unified and summarizing law for the protection of cultural property for Japan, which came into force by Decree No. 276 on August 29, 1950; at the same time, three older laws were repealed:
- the "Law for the Preservation of Historic and Scenic Sites and Natural Monuments" ( 史蹟 名勝 天然 紀念物 保存 法 , Shiseki meishō tennenkinenbutsu hozonhō ) from 1919
- the "Law for the Preservation of National Treasures " ( 国宝 保存 法 , Kokuhō hozonhō ) of 1929 and
- the “Law on the Preservation of Important Works of Art ” ( 重要 美術品 等 ノ 保存 ニ 関 ス ル 法律 , Jūyō bijutsu hinra no hozon ni kansuru hōritsu ) from 1933.
All cultural goods of national rank protected under the old law were given the status of "important cultural goods". A part was later upgraded to the "national treasure".
The new law extended the scope of application of the older law to intangible cultural goods , such as the performing and applied arts, folk goods , and ground monuments . Until then, only material cultural assets that were threatened with loss and particularly valuable were protected. Compared to international standards, the 1950 law encompasses a very wide range of potentially protectable things. The law also set up the “Committee for the Protection of Cultural Property”, a forerunner of the Office for Cultural Affairs . This monument authority selects important cultural assets for protection, regulates the measures that are permitted in the context of monument conservation and can authorize the export of cultural assets.
Systematics
The 1950 Act comprehensively regulates the protection and preservation of Japanese cultural monuments .
Material and immaterial cultural assets, movable and immovable things , objects of cultural and historical importance, scenic locations and natural monuments can be protected . Material cultural goods are objects of great artistic or historical value and archaeological or historical objects of great scientific value . Buildings designated as cultural monuments should be distinguished by their extraordinary design or construction technology, have great historical or scientific value or be characteristic of a development or an era.
To this end, the law defines different types of cultural property that deal with individual parts of the law, regulates the procedure for designating an object as a cultural monument, determines how it is handled and sanctions in the event of an infringement. The Minister of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology or the Head of the Office for Cultural Affairs decide on recognition as a national cultural asset . In addition, on the basis of the law , the prefectures and municipalities can designate cultural monuments of importance to the respective prefecture or municipality.
According to a decision by the Japanese Parliament , cultural goods recognized as World Heritage are automatically protected by the Cultural Property Protection Act of 1950.
synopsis
| Structure and object of the law on the protection of cultural property | Japanese structure as a concordance |
|---|---|
|
Part 1 General Provisions (§§ 1 - 4) |
第一 章 総 則 （1–4 条） |
System of cultural goods
The following system of Japanese cultural goods results from the law. Living national treasures are treated separately.
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Material cultural asset 有形 文化 財 |
Important cultural asset 重要 文化 財 |
National treasure 国宝 |
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Registered Tangible Cultural Property 登録 有形 文化 財 |
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| Intangible cultural asset 無形 文化 財 |
Important intangible cultural asset 重要 無形 文化 財 |
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| Popular cultural asset 民俗 文化 財 |
Important material folk good 重要 有形 民俗 文化 財 |
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| Important intangible folk good 重要 無形 民俗 文化 財 |
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| Scenic place 名勝 |
A particularly scenic place 特別 名勝 |
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| Cultural asset 文化 財 |
Memorial 記念 物 |
Historic site 史跡 |
Special Historic Site 特別 史跡 |
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Natural monument 天然 記念 物 |
Special natural monument 特別 天然 記念 物 |
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| Group of Traditional Buildings 伝 統 的 建造 物 群 |
Protected area with groups of traditional buildings 伝 統 的 建造 物 群 保存 地区 |
Important Protected Area 重要 伝 統 的 建造 物 群 保存 地区 |
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| Conservation techniques 文化 財 の 保存 技術 |
Designated Conservation Techniques 選定 保存 技術 |
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| Ground monuments 埋 蔵 文化 財 |
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Web links
- Legal Text - 13 Sections (Japanese)
- Cultural Affairs Office: Japanese Cultural Assets Database (Japanese)
- Office for Cultural Affairs (Ed.): Cultural Properties for Future Generations . (PDF; 1.1 MB). (PDF) Office for Cultural Affairs , March 2011, archived from the original on August 13, 2011 ; Retrieved May 8, 2011 .
- Office for Cultural Affairs (Ed.): Preservation and Utilization of Cultural Properties . 2009. Archived from the original on November 10, 2007 ; accessed on April 2, 2020 .
- Office for Cultural Affairs (Ed.): Intangible Cultural Heritage - Protection system for intangible cultural heritage in Japan . (PDF; 35.8 MB). Archived from the original onJanuary 24, 2013; accessed on April 2, 2020.
- Nobuko Inaba: Policy and System of Urban / Territorial Conservation in Japan . Archived from the original on January 22, 2013 ; accessed on April 2, 2020 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ 文化 財 保護 法 ( Memento from February 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (Japanese)
- ↑ 日本 法令 索引 (Japanese)
- ↑ Hōryū-ji (Ed.): 金堂 . ( Memento from January 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Homepage of Hōryū-ji including illustration and interactive map.
- ^ Office for Cultural Affairs (ed.): Cultural Properties, Chapter 3.
- ^ Office for cultural affairs (ed.): Intangible .
- ^ Office for Cultural Affairs (Ed.): Preservation, Chapter 6.
- ↑ Inaba.
- ↑ Moriya Masahiko et al. (Ed.): 日本 美術 図 解事 典 ( Visual Dictionary of Japanese Art) . Tokyo Bijutsu, Tokyo 2012, ISBN 978-4-8087-0939-6 , pp. 262 .
