László Polgár (Pedagogue)

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László Polgár with his three daughters (1989)

László Polgár [ ˈlaːsloː ˈpolgaːr ] (born May 11, 1946 in Gyöngyös ) is a Hungarian educator and father of the well-known chess players Zsuzsa , Zsófia and Judit Polgár .

Life

László Polgár comes from a Jewish-Hungarian family. His father Ármin Protyovin was in the Hungarian labor service and his mother Bella was a concentration camp survivor. His grandparents were murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp . László was brought up religiously and originally wanted to be a rabbi . His mother emigrated to the West with László's younger sister in 1956, while he stayed with his father and completed the Jewish high school in Budapest . He then worked as a welder and attended evening courses in education, psychology and Esperanto . He then worked at a middle school as a teacher of drawing and ethics. He met his wife Klára Alberger, born in 1946 in Wylok in the Transcarpathian Oblast , through a pen friend. They first met in Budapest in 1965 and married on April 20, 1967. Their first daughter Zsuzsa was born on April 19, 1969. Zsófia was born in 1974, Judit in 1976.

pedagogy

Polgár's theory is that talents are not innate, but can be acquired. He was influenced by the writings of the American psychologist John B. Watson . Polgár also dealt with the biographies of well-known geniuses such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Carl Friedrich Gauß . His conclusion was that children are capable of exceptional performance at a very early age if they are systematically and intensively encouraged. In order to prove this in practice, he devoted himself entirely to the upbringing of his daughters, whom he taught exclusively at home. After several months of correspondence with the responsible ministry, he received a special permit. He chose the game of chess as a training object because the performance achieved there can be easily measured using tournament results. All three became very strong players, two of the best chess players of all time. He was of the opinion that in order to be able to achieve top performance, one must always measure oneself against the best. Therefore, he let his daughters play mainly in men's tournaments, which the Hungarian Chess Federation initially did not like.

Péter Lékó also benefited from Polgár's didactic knowledge . His coach Gáspár Máthé was often a guest with the Polgárs and only slightly adapted László Polgár's methods when training Lékó.

He has authored several books: Chess (1994), Middlegames (1998) and Endgames (1999) each contain several thousand exercises that can be used in chess training. In Reform-Chess (1997) he presents chess variants on scaled-down chessboards (8 by 6, 6 by 8, 9 by 6, 5 by 8 fields). In the book Salom Haver (2004), which was only published in Hungarian , he describes Jewish chess players from Hungary. In 2013 he wrote a book in Hungarian with 443 pages about the table tennis player Victor Barna from Hungary, who was 23 times table tennis world champion: BARNA VIKTOR Pályafutásom.

Works

literature

  • Ed van Eeden: De Polgar-versters . Nijgh & Van Dittmar, Amsterdam 1990. ISBN 90-236-6141-9 .
  • Cathy Forbes: The Polgar Sisters. Training or genius? Batsford, London 1992. ISBN 0-7134-6871-8 .
  • Zsuzsa Polgár: Breaking through. How the Polgar sisters changed the world of chess . Everyman Chess, London 2005. ISBN 1-85744-381-0 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ András Képes: Matt a férfiaknak, ISBN 978-963-368-742-0 , S. 176th
personal data
SURNAME Polgár, László
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian educator; Father of the chess players Zsuzsa Polgár, Zsófia Polgár and Judit Polgár
DATE OF BIRTH May 11, 1946
PLACE OF BIRTH Gyöngyös