Lélia Gonzalez

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Exhibition in honor of Lélia Gonzalez, Projeto Memória, opening of the Edifício Lélia Gonzalez.

Lélia Gonzalez (born February 1, 1935 in Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais ; died July 10, 1994 in Rio de Janeiro ) was a Brazilian social anthropologist , university professor, civil rights activist and feminist. She created the term amefricanidade ("Amefrikanität").

Live and act

Lélia de Almeida was the second youngest child of 18 siblings of the Minas Gerais-based railroad construction worker Acácio Joaquim de Almeida and the indigenous Urcinda Seraphina de Almeida. One of her brothers was the soccer player Jaime de Almeida (1920–1973). In 1942 the family moved to Rio de Janeiro to the Favela Pinto in Bairro Leblon . Her school education began in 1946 at the secondary school of the Escola Técnica Rivadávia Corrêa in Rio de Janeiro, and from 1952 at the Colégio Pedro II .

Her academic career began in 1958 at what was then the Universidade do Estado da Guanabara (UEG), renamed Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), as a bachelor's degree in history and geography, followed by a licentiate in philosophy, which she completed in 1963. In 1964 she married Luiz Carlos Gonzalez, who died early. She had started teaching and translated a work by the French philosopher Denis Huisman ( Compendio moderno de filosofia , 1968). In 1969 she entered into a second marriage with the engineer Vicente Marota, from whom she divorced in 1976. In 1975 she received a master's degree in communication from the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and was co-founder of the Instituto de Pesquisa das Culturas Negras (IPCN), of which she became vice-president, and of the Colégio Freudiano in Rio de Janeiro.

At the time of the military dictatorship she became an activist and was a. a. with other leading Afro-Brazilians 1978 co-founder of the Movimento Negro Unificado Contra a Discriminação Racial (MNU), later renamed to the shorter form Movimento Negro Unificado . In 1981 she joined the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT). In 1981 she was elected Woman of the Year by the Conselho Nacional de Mulheres do Brasil (National Council of Women of Brazil) for her advocacy for the rights of Afro-Brazilian women as the first dark-skinned woman . With the sociologist Carlos Hasenbalg she published the volume Lugar de negro (German about: The position of the negro ) in 1982 .

From 1985 to 1989 she was a member of the Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Mulher (CNDM), the national council for women's rights. In 1982 she ran for the PT as a federal member of parliament for the state of Rio de Janeiro, but only managed to get one place, as was the case for the candidacy for the Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT) as a member of parliament in the state of Rio de Janeiro, to which she changed party membership in 1986 would have. Internationally she appeared as Vice-President of the first two United Nations seminars on women and apartheid in Montreal and Helsinki in 1980, and as Brazilian representative at other UN conferences in Copenhagen (1980), Paris (1981), Dakar (1982) and Nairobi (1985) ).

She wrote articles at home and abroad about the situation, conditions and oppression of black women, e.g. B. 1983 in the Folha de São Paulo the polemical article Racismo por Omissão . In 1987 she published the work Festas populares no Brasil (Folk festivals in Brazil) on folklore as a monograph . Her connection with Afro-Brazilian folk culture was shown in her commitment to the bloco-afro Olodum . For a long time she mainly taught in Rio de Janeiro, most recently she was Professor of Brazilian Folk Culture at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ).

reception

In Brazil, she is considered a pioneer of the Afro-Brazilian women's movement and is compared to the American Angela Davis . Several educational institutions bear her name, including a school in the Ramos district of Rio de Janeiro, an Afro-Brazilian cultural center in Goiânia , the Academic Center for Social Sciences at the University of São Paulo and a cultural cooperative in Aracaju . The oldest Afro bloc Ilê Aiyê in Salvador da Bahia took it on twice: in 1997 as part of Pérolas negras do saber (German: Black Pearls of Knowledge ) and in 1998 in Candaces . The playwright Márcio Meirelles used this title ( Kandakes ) in his play Candaces - A reconstrução do fogo (German for example: royal mothers - the rediscovery of fire ), which is based on her work. Several dissertations on Lélia Gonzalez were written in Brazil, as well as a biography by Alex Ratt and Flávia Rios in 2010. In 2010 the government of Bahia State created the Prêmio Lélia Gonzalez .

She received a special honor posthumously when the United Nations branch in the capital Brasília was inaugurated under the name Edifício Lélia Gonzalez on September 30, 2015 , combined with a memorial exhibition .

Fonts (selection)

  • Lélia Gonzalez, Carlos Hasenbalg: Lugar de negro. Editora Marco Zero, Rio de Janeiro 1982. (Therein: O movimento negro na última década ).
  • Festas populares no Brasil. Popular festivals in Brazil. 1987. 2nd edition. Editora Index, Rio de Janeiro 1989 (awarded at IBA, International Book Art Exhibition Leipzig 1989)

Essays and Articles:

  • Mulher negra, essa quilombola. In: Folha de S. Paulo , Folhetim of November 22, 1981.
  • A mulher negra na sociedade brasileira. In: Madel T. Luz (Ed.): O lugar da mulher. Estudos sobre a condição feminina na sociedade atual. Graal, Rio de Janeiro 1982, pp. 87-106.
  • Racismo e sexismo na cultura brasileira. In: Luiz Antônio Machado Silva [u. a.]: Movimentos sociais urbanos, minorias étnicas e outros estudos. ANPOCS, Brasília 1983, pp. 223-244.
  • O terror nosso de cada dia. In: Raça e Classe , Volume 2, 1987, August / September.
  • A categoria político-cultural de amefricanidade. In: Tempo Brasileiro , Rio de Janeiro, No. 92/93, 1988, pp. 69-82.
  • As amefricanas do Brasil e sua militância. In: Maioria Falante , Vol. 7, 5, May / June 1988.
  • Nanny. In: Humanidades , Brasília, Volume 17, 1988, pp. 23-25.
  • Por um feminismo afrolatinoamericano. In: Revista Isis Internacional , Volume 8, October 1988.
  • A importância da organização da mulher negra no processo de transformação social. In: Raça e Classe , Volume 5, 1988, November / December.
  • Uma viagem à Martinica - I. Movimento Negro Unificado: MNU Jornal. No. 20, p. 5, October / November.

literature

  • Alex Ratts, Flávia Rios: Lélia Gonzalez. Selo Negro, São Paulo 2010. ( Book beginning of biography online ).
  • Elizabeth do Espírito Santo Viana: Lélia Gonzalez: fragments. In: Flávio Gomes, Petrônio Domingues (ed.): Experiências da emancipação. Biografias, instituições e movimentos sociais no pós-abolição (1890–1980). Selo Negro, São Paulo 2011, ISBN 978-85-87478-50-4 , pp. 267-286.
  • Luana Diana Santos: História oral de vida de Lélia Gonzalez. Primeiros passos. In: Caderno espaço feminino. Revista do Núcleo de Estudos de Gênero e Pesquisa sobre a Mulher. Uberlândia, Volume 26, 2013, No. 2, pp. 557-569.
  • Cláudia Pons Cardoso: Amefricanizando o feminismo. O pensamento de Lélia Gonzalez. In: Estudos feministas. Florianópolis, Volume 22, 2014, No. 3, pp. 965-987.
  • Raquel Andrade Barreto: Enegrecendo o feminismo ou Feminizando a raça. Narrativas de Libertação em Angela Davis e Lélia Gonzalez. Dissertation PUC-RJ 2005.
  • Elizabeth Viana: Relações raciais, gênero e movimentos sociais. O pensamento de Lélia Gonzalez (1970-1990). Dissertation UFRJ 2006.

Web links

Commons : Lélia Gonzalez  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sonia E. Alvarez, Kia Lilly Caldwell: Promoting Feminist Amefricanidade: Bridging Black Feminist Cultures and Politics in the Americas. In: Meridians. Feminism, race, transnationalism. Volume 14, No. 1, 2016, pp. V-XI. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
  2. ^ A b Ana Maria Felippe: Lélia Gonzalez: Mulher Negra na História do Brasil. In: amaivos of August 4, 2009 (Portuguese). Retrieved February 6, 2017.
  3. ↑ Alex Ratts, Flávia Rios: Lélia Gonzalez. Selo Negro, São Paulo 2010, pp. 13-14. Retrieved February 6, 2017 (Portuguese).
  4. ^ Prêmio Lélia Gonzalez , Observatório Brasil da Igualdade de Gênero. Retrieved February 6, 2017 (Portuguese).
  5. ↑ Novo prédio da ONU em Brasília homenageia ativista Lélia Gonzalez. , ONUBR, Date: September 29, 2015. Retrieved February 6, 2017 (Portuguese).
personal data
SURNAME Gonzalez, Lélia
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Almeida, Lélia de (maiden name); Almeida Gonzalez, Lélia de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Brazilian civil rights activist for Afro-Brazilian women, university professor and feminist
DATE OF BIRTH February 1, 1935
PLACE OF BIRTH Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais
DATE OF DEATH July 10, 1994
Place of death Rio de Janeiro