Laryssa Kruschelnyzka

Laryssa Iwaniwna Kruschelnyzka ( Ukrainian Лариса Іванівна Крушельницька ; scientific transliteration Larysa Ivanivna Krušel'nyc'ka ; born April 5, 1928 in Stryj , Poland ; † November 12, 2017 in Lviv , Ukraine was a Ukrainian prehistoric woman and library .

biography

Laryssa Kruschelnyzka was born as the daughter of the poet and art historian Ivan Kruschelnyzkyj and his wife Halyna, b. Lewytzka, a pianist and later music professor, was born in the small, medium-sized town of Stryj, which was then part of the Second Polish Republic. She is descended from old Ukrainian-Galician aristocratic families on both maternal and paternal sides. An extensive relative was the opera singer Solomija Kruschelnyzka , who was famous all over Europe at the time .

The family lived in Lemberg from 1930 when the mother became a music professor . In 1932 the father and his sister, later the grandfather Antin , a famous writer and temporary education minister of the Ukrainian People's Republic , and the rest of the Kruschelnyzkyj family moved to Kharkov , the then capital of Soviet Ukraine , where writers and artists who were friends lived. Contrary to expectations, the father in Kiev in 1934 and the other family members were murdered as opponents of the regime and bourgeois in the course of the Great Terror in 1935 to 1937 . So they shared the fate of the modern avant-garde art scene in Kharkiv, which was henceforth called “ Rebirth by Shot ”. The illness and remained for concert engagements in Lviv mother sat by the customer from the family tragedy, during which the Kruschelnzykyjs before her murder until after Solovki and in the GULAG of Sandormoch in Karelia spent were everything to get her daughter back to Lviv, what you with the help of the chairman of the Soviet Red Cross and first wife Maxim Gorkis Jekateryna Peschkowa and the widow Marshal Pilsudskis Alexandra finally succeeded at the end of 1937. In 1939/40, as a result of the Hitler-Stalin Pact , mother and daughter first experienced the arrival of Soviet power in Lemberg, which they survived unscathed. In the summer of 1941, the Soviet occupation followed the German. During these years Laryssa Kruschelnyzka attended the 1st Ukrainian grammar school from 1941 to 1942, and the arts and crafts school from 1942 to 1943. Halyna Kruschelnyzka was soon harassed by the Gestapo , so in November 1943, following professional contacts, mother and daughter first moved to Vienna and from there to the art-loving, liberal Stuttgart. Laryssa Kruschelnyzka studied theater decoration as a guest student at the art academy and got to know the local world of art and music lovers - the Honer family, Gerd Richter, Felix Czoßek. Accompanied by a dog, the youngster took care of a Jewish family of lawyers who lived in hiding for a while. A few months later, the young person was a forced laborer at the Singen aluminum rolling mill, which was important for the war effort, in Singen (Hohentwiel) . Wakeful and even then ironically, the youngster observed the National Socialist ideology and dictatorship: the Italian soldiers in Lemberg, like the Viennese, looked a little Aryan, the portrait of Hitler hung on the toilet of the Stuttgart host parents. In the summer of 1945, mother and daughter returned from war-torn Stuttgart to their grandmother in Lemberg, which had now become part of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic.

After a youth in which decisive biographical changes took place every two years, she gave birth to her daughter in April 1946 and began working as a restorer, initially at the Museum of Ukrainian Art, and from 1947 to 1991 in the archaeological department of the Institute for Social Sciences (today Krypekevych Institute). The mother with lung disease died in 1949. After she had finally made up her school leaving certificate, because of her job and as a single mother, she began external distance learning at the history faculty of Lviv University , which she completed in 1960. In 1974 she received her doctorate with the thesis “The tribes of the upper Dniester and Western Volhynia in the early Iron Age”, in 1991 she received her habilitation with the study “The northeastern Carpathian region in the late Bronze and Early Iron Age”. In 1989 she took part in the revitalization of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Ukraine, of which she became a member and head of the archaeological commission in 1992. In October 1991 she was entrusted with the management of the Lviv National Stefanyk Library . When she retired in 2003, she was made honorary director in 2003 and was also made professor at Lviv University in 1999 . Laryssa Kruschelnyzka died on November 12, 2017 at the age of 89 in Lviv. Her grave is in the Lychakiv Cemetery .

plant

Laryssa Kruschelnyzka has made a name for herself on the one hand in her archaeological research and on the other hand through her work as library director.

As an archaeologist, she devoted herself to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages of the Sub-Carpathian and Volhynia in 50 excavation campaigns . From the 1960s she published on this, after the independence of Ukraine also in German. Her leading research interest was to draw attention to the unknown and unexplored traces of early advanced cultures of Celts and other tribes, especially in the area of ​​today's western Ukraine.

As director of the national Stefanyk library in Lviv, her task was to make the long-neglected second largest library in Ukraine catch up with modern library science and working conditions. Through her commitment, she and her team succeeded in doing this: the building was restored, a research center for periodicals and German and Austrian reading rooms were set up, the periodicals were given their own building, computers and an electronic catalog were introduced. Professional trips have now taken her to Western Europe and around the world, to the USA and India.

Kruschelnyzka described her life paths in her multi-award-winning autobiography "They felled the forest ..." and other books, some of which became school literature. In 2008 she dedicated a memorable book for young people to the many animals that have always been loyal to her.

Memberships

• Scientific Shevchenko Society (from 1992)
• UNESCO Club Lviv
• L'vivs'ka besida

Honors

• Honorary Director of the Stefanyk Library (2003)
• Order of Princess Olga III. and II. stage, 2008 and 2011.
• St. George's Cross of Honor of the City of Lviv, 2013.

Publications (selection)

Independent publications

• (The Northern Subcarpathian and Western Volhynia since the Early Iron Age) Північне Прикарпаття і Західна Волинь за доби раннього заліза. Kiev 1976.
• (Collaboration), (Archaeological monuments of the Sub-Carpathian and Volhynia from the Bronze and Early Iron Ages) Археологічні пам'ятки Прикарпаття і Волині доби бронзи і разан. Kiev 1982.
• (The connections between the settlements of the Sub-Carpathian and Volhynia with the tribes of Eastern and Central Europe) Kiev 1985.
• (Collaboration), (The oldest settlement in the Carpathian region. Ukrainian Carpathians. History) Древнейшее население Карпатского региона. Украинские Карпаты. История. Kiev 1989.
• (Collaboration), (Archeology of the Subcarpathian, Volhynian and Carpathian Mountains) Археология Прикарпатья, Волыни и Закарпатья. Kiev 1990.
• (Collaboration), (monuments of the Hallstatt period in the vicinity of the Vistula, the Dniester and the Prypiat) Kiev 1993.
• (Black Forest culture of the central Dnister region) Чорноліська культура Середнього Придністров'я. Lviv 1998.
• (The Noua culture in the territories of Ukraine) Культура Ноа на землях України. Lviv 2006.
• (with M. Bandrivs'kyj), (The gold treasures from Mykhalkiv and their fate) Золоті Михалківські скарби та їх доля. Lviv 2012.

• (They felled the forest… memories of a Galician woman) Рубали ліс…: Спогади галичанки. Lviv 2001. Erg. New editions Lviv 2008 and 2018, online (excerpt). (accessed on June 5, 2017)
• (Little animals in my life) Звірятка в моєму житті. Astroljabija, Lviv 2009. Kharkiv 2014 (short stories), online (excerpt). (accessed on June 5, 2017)
• (From today to tomorrow) Від сьогодні до завтра. Astroljabiya, Lviv 2012.

Editorships

In her function as library director, Laryssa Kruschelnyzka was the editor of a number of important bibliographic volumes (Repertuar ukr. Knyhy, 1798-1916, 9 vols. And others). She also edited 3 volumes of the Shevchenko Society's essays (2002, 2004 and 2007).

• (Co-editor), L'vivs'ka naukova biblioteka im. V. Stefanyka NAN Ukraïny: dokumenty, fakty, komentari. Lviv 1996.
• (Co-editor), (Jaroslaw Paternak's legacy of letters) Епістолярна спадщина Ярослава Пастернака. Lviv 2013.

Essays

• They felled the forest, in: Alois Woldan (Ed.), Europa erlesen. Lviv. Klagenfurt 2008, 223-228.
• The Noua culture in the Ukraine, in: Bernhard Hänsel et al. (Ed.), The Carpathian Basin and the Eastern European Steppe: Nomadic Movements and Cultural Exchange in the Pre-Christian Metal Age (4000 - 500 BC). Rahden / Westphalia 1998, 313-316.
• Status and tasks of urn field research on the eastern corridor of the Carpathian Mountains, in: Monika zu Erbach u. a., Contributions to the Urnfield Period north and south of the Alps: Results of a colloquium / Roman-Germanic Central Museum, Research Institute for Prehistory and Early History. Bonn 1995 (Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum: monograph; vol. 35) 399–412.
• On the question of the origin of the Vysocko culture, in: Evžen Plesl (ed.), The Urnfield Cultures Central Europe. Prague 1987, 97-104.

• (A stove from prehistoric times. From the notes of an archaeologist) Вогнище з первовіку. Із записок археолога. 1985.
• (The Testament of Peter I.) Заповіт Петра І. 1994.
• (The crimes of Sandormoch pound my heart) Злочини Сандормоху стукають у моє серце. 1997.

Festschrift

• Zbirnyk prac 'i materialiv na pošanu Larysy Ivanivny Krušel'nyc'koï (Збірник праць і матеріалів на пошану Лариси Іванівни Крушельниц). Lviv 1998.

bibliography

• LS Zajac '(arr.), Larysa Krušel'nyc'ka. Biobliohrafičnyj pokažčyk (Лариса Крушельницька. Бібліографічний покажчик). Lviv 1998. Second new edition by Sofija N. Kohut (arrangement), Lviv 2008.

literature

• Jan Filip, Artl. Kruschelnyzka, L., in: Encyclopedia Handbook on Prehistory and Early History in Europe, Vol. 1. Prague 1966, 649.
• M. Bandrivs'kyj, Art. Krušel'nyc'ka, L., in: Encyklopedija L'vova 3 (2010) 639-640.
• M. Bandrivs'kyj, Art. Krušel'nyc'ka, L., in: Encyklopedija sučasnoï Ukraïny 15 (2014) 580-581, online Крушельницька Лариса Іванівна (accessed June 5, 2017).
• M. Romanjuk, Art. Krušel'nyc'ka, L., in: Enc. Is. Ukraïny 5 (2008) 422, online Крушельницька Лариса Іванівна (accessed June 5, 2017)

• M. Bandrivs'kyj, (L. Kruschelnyzka: 50 years in Ukrainian archeology), in: Postati ukraïnskoï archeolohiï. Materialy i dozlidžennja z archeolohiï Prykarpattja i Volyni 7, 1998, 103-107.
• M. Bandrivs'kyj, Larysa Krušel'nyc'ka: žyttja viddane naciï (LK: the life of the nation dedicated), in: Матеріали і дослідження з археології Прикарпаття і Волині 12, 2008, 11-15, online Лариса Крушельницька: життя віддане науці (accessed June 5, 2017) //
• Lutz C. Kleveman: Lemberg. The forgotten center of Europe . Structure, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-351-03668-3 , pp. 127-133.

Web link

• Literature by and about Laryssa Kruschelnyzka in the bibliographic database WorldCat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cf. LK, "Tierchen ...", 2009, 37 or more detailed information on denunciation in her autobiography "They felled the forest ...", 2008, 193.
2. ↑ See LK, "Tierchen ...", 2009, 42 f.
3. ↑ On the former cf. LK, Trahedija l'vivs'kich "Ferbindete", in: Halyc'ka brama 5-6 / 1999, on the second LK, "They felled the forest ...", 2008, 196.
4. ↑ Cf. on this the illustration L'vivs'ka naukova biblioteka im published by her five years later. V. Stefanyka NAN Ukraïny: dokumenty, fakty, komentari (Львівська наукова бібліотека ім. В. Стефаника НАН України: докуменмен, арокт). Lviv 1996.