Leonard Mandel

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Leonard Mandel (born May 9, 1927 in Berlin , † February 9, 2001 in Pittsford , New York ) was a British-American physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum optics .

Life

As a teenager, Mandel stood out for his talent on the violin. He and his parents fled from Berlin to England before the Nazis. He also stood out there at school because of his talent in physics, but could not get a scholarship to the University of Cambridge because he was not a British citizen at the time. Almond made his 1947 bachelor Accounts in mathematics and physics at Birkbeck College of the University of London , where he worked during the day and only in the evening went to college. In 1951 he did his doctorate there under Paul George on cosmic radiation (Interactions of non ionizing cosmic ray particles), taking measurements in the Alps. From 1951 to 1954 he was a scientist at Imperial Chemical Industries in Welwyn Garden City and then to 1964 Lecturer at Imperial College in London before (at the invitation of his colleague Emil Wolf , whom he knew from England) professor at the University of Rochester was , from 1994 as Lee Dubridge Professor of Physics and Optics.

Since 2001 he has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences and also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (since 1996) and the New York Academy of Sciences . In 1993 he received the Frederic Ives Medal and in 1989 the Young Medal . He also received the Max Born Award from the Optical Society of America and the Italian Marconi Medal.

His doctoral students (39 in total) include H. Jeff Kimble and Zhe-Yu Ou .

He had been married since 1953 (his wife Jeanne studied physics with him and was a ballet teacher) and had a daughter and a son.

plant

Mandel made fundamental contributions to photon statistics. He came to quantum optics through his analysis (1958/59) of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect (by Robert Hanbury Brown and Richard Twiss 1956), from which his Almond formula in photon statistics arose. With his colleagues he was the first to show the interference of a photon with himself (with his student R. Pfleegor 1967) with the help of the investigation of the 4th order interference, a technique which he then expanded.

Mandel also demonstrated with his students H. Jeff Kimble and M. Dagenais first in 1977 photon antibunching (independently predicted by HJ Carmichael and DF Walls ) in the emission of a single atom, which follows non-classical statistics and represents a signature for quantum behavior.

He also studied the laser phase transition early on, which became one of his main areas of research.

Mandel is also known for quantum optical experiments on the fundamentals of quantum mechanics. With SR Friberg and CK Hong he demonstrated the non-classical character of the “ Parametric Down Conversion Process ” (PDC) for the generation of a correlated photon pair in optically non-linear crystals and demonstrated a localized one-photon state. They were also the first to demonstrate quantum cryptography with a pair of correlated photons. With Hong and Zhe-Yu Ou he led the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference (HOMI), where they the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect demonstrated the application in experiments on quantum computers will . With Ou, he demonstrated the violation of Bell's inequalities on a pair of correlated photons that were generated by down conversion. He subsequently examined other examples of quantum entanglement , and in 1991 they demonstrated the quantum eraser discussed by Marlan Scully in 1982 (1991, with LJ Wang, XY Zou). With D. Branning, J. Torgerson, C. Monken, he experimentally showed directly one of the paradoxical predictions of quantum mechanics that there is no reality without measurement (violation of the assumption of local realism, as described in the discussion of the EPR experiment by Einstein, Rosen , Podolsky is based).

Fonts

  • with Emil Wolf: Optical coherence and quantum optics. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
  • with Wolf: Coherence properties of optical fields. In: Reviews of Modern Physics. Vol. 37, 1965, p. 231 ( review of their work by Mandel, Wolf in Science Citation Classics, PDF file ).
  • Quantum effects in one photon and two photon interference. In: Reviews of Modern Physics. Vol. 71, 1999, p. 274

literature

  • Proc. Rochester Conference on Coherence and Quantum Optics, 2001 (dedicated to Almond)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mandel Fluctuations of photon beams and their correlation , Proc. Phys. Soc., Vol. 72, 1958, p. 1037
  2. ↑ Mandel, Pfleegor Interference of independent photon beams , Physical Review Vol. 159, 1967, p. 1084
  3. ↑ Kimble, Dagenais, Mandel Photon antibunching in resonance fluorescence , Phys. Rev. Letters, Vol. 39, 1977, p. 691. Predicted in Kimble, Mandel Theory of Resonance fluorescence , Phys. Rev. A, Vol. 13, 1976, p. 2123
  4. ^ F. Davidson, Mandel Correlation measurements of laser beam fluctuations near threshold , Physics Letters A, Vol. 25, 1967, p. 700
  5. ^ Friberg, Hong, Mandel Intensity dependence of the normalized intensity correlation function in parametric down conversion , Opt. Comm. Vol. 54, 1985, p. 311
  6. ↑ Hong, Mandel Experimental realization of a localized one photon state , Phys. Rev. Letters, Vol. 56, 1986, p. 58
  7. ↑ Hong, Friberg, Mandel Optical communication channel based on coincident photon pairs , Applied Optics, Vol. 24, 1985, p. 3877
  8. ↑ Hong, Ou, Mandel Measurement of the subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference , Phys. Rev. Letters, Vol. 59, 1987, p. 2044
  9. ↑ Ou, Mandel Violation of Bell's inequality and classical probability in a two photon correlation experiment , Phys. Rev.Lett. Vol. 61, 1988, p. 50
  10. ↑ Zajong, Wang, Zou, Mandel Quantum interference and the quantum eraser , Nature 353, 1991, p. 507
  11. ↑ Branning, Torgerson, Monken, Mandel Experimental demonstration of the violation of local realism without Bell inequalities , Physics Letters A, Vol. 204, 1995, p. 323
personal data
SURNAME Almond, Leonard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American physicist
DATE OF BIRTH May 9, 1927
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH February 9, 2001
Place of death Pittsford , New York